Alberto Acerbi: Digital Age: The Long View
Alberto Acerbi (University of Trento) Digital Age: The Long View ONLINE přednáška! Odkaz na Zoom: https://cesnet.zoom.us/j/91813080382 ABSTRAKT: In my talk, I will discuss how cultural evolution – an umbrella term for evolutionary and cognitive approaches to human culture – can provide a useful framework for understanding how information is produced, transmitted, and selected in contemporary online digital media. A key implication of this perspective is that it suggests, contrary to common concerns, that we are generally wary learners who are not easily influenced. The (limited) spread of online misinformation can be understood in this perspective by focusing on the idea that some cultural traits can be successful because their content taps into general cognitive biases. More generally, given that only a small fraction of online content is misinformation, and, despite the abundance of accurate information, people are often overskeptical or uninterested, I will argue that research should focus more on the spread of reliable news. I will present recent work showing that, like misinformation, factual news exploits evolved cognitive biases, with negative, group-oriented, and dominance-oriented contents consistently predicting engagement. Finančně podpořeno z projektu Vědění ve věku nedůvěry, CZ.02.01.01/00/23_025/0008711.
Read More ›
Program LMS Centra: zimní semestr 2025
Zveme všechny zájemce na nový cyklus přednášek LMS Centra pro letní semestr 2024/2025. Semináře pravidelně probíhají v místnosti SM4 od 14:05. Finančně podpořeno z projektu Vědění ve věku nedůvěry, CZ.02.01.01/00/23_025/0008711.
Read More ›
Armin W. Geertz: From mental representations to embodied cognition: The cognitive science of religion past and present
Armin W. Geertz (Aarhus University) From mental representations to embodied cognition: The cognitive science of religion past and present ABSTRAKT: In this lecture, I will provide a brief introduction to the foundational theories and approaches of the cognitive science of religion (CSR) followed by an overview of what has happened since the 1990’s. The CSR has expanded exponentially into a variety of fields and approaches. During the past decade, exciting developments in our understanding of human cognition has led to the rise of embodied approaches under the influence of the so-called 4E movement. This development seems to attract scholars from the humanities, especially historians. Thus, the early skepticism against the CSR seems to be giving way to a more balanced and less confrontational future.
Read More ›
Linda Tvrdíková: Fiction of (Rational) Legislator and Its Intentions?
Linda Tvrdíková (Masarykova univerzita) Fiction of (Rational) Legislator and Its Intentions? ABSTRACT: One of the most important moments when law is linked to reality is its interpretation and application. In the context of authoritative interpretation and application of law, we can find that interpreters often refer to the legislator´s intentions (the so-called subjective teleological method of interpretation, see R. Alexy). In legal scholarship, then, we associate intentionalism with the search for the intentions of the lawmaker and what he actually wanted to communicate through the text of the normative legal act. Proponents of this position argue that what is most important is what the legislator intended to communicate through the text of the normative legal act, what his intentions were. Intentionalists face criticism where the main arguments are that we cannot speak of the legislator as some separately existing entity that might have its own intentions (Dworkin). It is argued that many members of the legislature either do not have an intention that is relevant to the text of the enacting legislation (for example, they vote because someone told them to, or they do not understand what is being voted on at all), or they have different intentions […]
Read More ›
Anežka Kuzmičová: Why children undervalue their informational reading and why it matters
Anežka Kuzmičová (Univerzita Karlova) Why children undervalue their informational reading and why it matters ABSTRAKT: Most of the text we encounter in everyday life is nonfiction rather than fiction. Yet while fiction reading is widely researched and promoted for its whole-person benefits, informational reading continues to be understood as utilitarian and devoid of affect. To address this imbalance, my research team and I have conducted a holistic child-centred interview study (N = 20, ages 9-11) inviting children’s own reflection on nonfiction-related experience. Children first reflected on their real-world interests and on the various activities through which they nurture them. Then the interviews zoomed in on reading and nonfiction text design. In the children’s reflections, we found a strong pattern of undervaluing or not noticing one’s informational reading, due to two sets of constraints: (a) conceptual constraints, i.e., discursive biases about reading, and (b) phenomenal constraints, i.e., inherent characteristics that may indeed make informational reading inherently less amenable to reflection than fiction reading. I will detail these constraints and discuss their ramifications for education more generally.
Read More ›
Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen: Methodologism as Pragmatism: What Getting it Right Means?
Jouni-Matti Kuukkanen (University of Oulu) Methodologism as Pragmatism: What Getting it Right Means? ABSTRAKT: In my forthcoming book, Doing, Knowing, and Getting it Right: Methodologism as Pragmatism (Cambridge University Press), I call my approach to knowing and meaning ‚methodologism.‘ Building on the influential philosophies of Wilfrid Sellars, Robert Brandom, Jaroslav Peregrin, and Huw Price, this book introduces a novel neo-pragmatist philosophy. In this talk, I will explain how my approach differs from these and what methodologism means. Firstly, methodologism is resolutely anti-representationalist in both epistemology and the philosophy of language. A key idea is that knowing can, in general, be defined as a correct way of doing. This view applies to both the sciences and more mundane ways of knowing in our various forms of life. Colloquially speaking, ‚methods‘ are correct rule-bound ways of doing things. Another key idea is the classical pragmatist view that our most fundamental aim in epistemological approaches is to settle our beliefs. In the absence of a settlement (or the possibility of achieving a settlement in practice), the secondary aim is to guide our conversational practice. These are two general goals for our ‚methods.‘ Further, while the methodologist framework and a path to […]
Read More ›
Preston Stovall: Primus Inter Pares: Philosophy of Language as First Philosophy
Preston Stovall (Univerzita Hradec Králové) Primus Inter Pares: Philosophy of Language as First Philosophy ABSTRAKT: It is an open question whether and in what sense non-linguistic animals are capable of cognitive acts that have logical content, and of how explicitly codified deduction systems like those of classical logic might relate to whatever sort of cognition non-human animals are capable of. In this essay, I draw on two-factor approaches to human cognition, as well as a joint model-theoretic and proof-theoretic semantics for natural language, to show that a practical capacity for accepting and rejecting cognitive acts accounts for cognition as having a deductive logical structure but not content. On this basis, I hypothesize that the ability to engage in such self-directed cognitive acts is an evolutionary bridge linking simpler non-human and linguistic human cognition. Relating the proposal to bilateral proof systems, I show that a unilateral account of deductive inference specified in terms of assertion alone, where logical operations are accounted for in terms of content rather than structure, would be more parsimonious in communicating over and propagating the rules of such systems. This provides a plausible explanation for why logical instruction would occur in a unilateral assertion-based rather than a bilateral framework today even if, […]
Read More ›
Jakub Szántó: Izrael, Írán a Donald Trump aneb vydrží příměří na Blízkém východě?
Jakub Szántó (Česká televize) Izrael, Írán a Donald Trump aneb vydrží příměří na Blízkém východě? ABSTRAKT: 19. ledna 2025 začalo platit příměří mezi Izraelem a gazánskými teroristy. Současně platí podobné příměří mezi libanonským Hizballáhem a Izraelem z 27. listopadu 2024. Vydrží klid zbraní? Podaří se Íránu opět vybudovat protiizraelskou internacionálu na základu tzv. Osy odporu? Jaká bude politika Donalda Trumpa? A blíží se druhé kolo Abrahámovských dohod mezi arabskými zeměmi a židovským státem? Na komplikované otázky se pokusí nabídnout odpovědi televizní reportér ČT a spisovatel Jakub Szántó.
Read More ›
Matej Cíbik: Political Legitimacy of Democratic States
Matej Cíbik (Univerzita Pardubice) Political Legitimacy of Democratic States ABSTRAKT: Typically, democratic conceptions of political legitimacy (e. g. Buchanan 2002; Christiano 2004; Estlund 2009) stipulate that a functioning system of free and fair elections is necessary and sufficient for establishing a legitimate government. I disagree: free and fair electoral regime is only the first step toward democratic legitimacy. Equally important is the second step: the acceptance of the given electoral system by the population. My main ambition is to re-interpret the ideal of popular sovereignty as the basis of political legitimacy. I argue that this ideal can never be fully realized solely by organizing elections. A degree of continuous, informal acceptance of the political system (including the acceptance of the specific electoral system chosen by the given country) is also indispensable.
Read More ›
David Černín: From Vodka to the Big Bang and Beyond – the Big History Project and the Philosophy of the Historical Sciences
David Černín (Ostravská univerzita) From Vodka to the Big Bang and Beyond – the Big History Project and the Philosophy of the Historical Sciences ABSTRACT: Scientists in various fields (from cosmology, geology, and palaeontology to archaeology and historiography) are adept at inferring knowledge of the past and presenting it via distinct theories, models, and narratives. Although “the past” serves as a common denominator of these disciplines, philosophers tend to draw the lines along institutionalised groups, such as natural sciences, social science, and humanities. Consequently, the epistemic status of the past across scientific disciplines ranges from “set-in-stone” realism to nearly fictionised narrative accounts. However, history is not what it used to be, and both practitioners and philosophers are exploring new ways how to engage with the past. On the one hand, we have the Big History project, initiated by David Christian, which influences even school history education and aims to tell a story from the Big Bang to the current era. On the other hand, we have philosophers like Aviezer Tucker, Carol Cleland, Adrian Currie, and Derek Turner, who argue for a broader conception of historical sciences, which includes all disciplines that deal with the past. The talk will […]
Read More ›
