{"id":29198,"date":"2018-02-01T14:01:28","date_gmt":"2018-02-01T12:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=29198"},"modified":"2023-08-04T14:10:29","modified_gmt":"2023-08-04T12:10:29","slug":"rocnik-20-2018","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=29198","title":{"rendered":"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 20 (2018)"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma: 80 let Ivana Pavl\u016f<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Poprv\u00e9 jsem do Bylan p\u0159ijel o pr\u00e1zdnin\u00e1ch 1958 stopem, s doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm dopisem v ruce. Rozhovor s profesorem Ivanem Pavl\u016f u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti jeho \u017eivotn\u00edho jubilea<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
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Balk\u00e1n - Karpatsk\u00e1 kotlina - \u010cechy: kult\u00farno-chronologick\u00fd kontext (Juraj Pav\u00fak)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Ako \u00favod k t\u00e9me pr\u00edspevku m\u00f4\u017ee posl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 kon\u0161tatovanie \u010desk\u00e9ho autora nov\u0161ej gener\u00e1cie, \u017ee neolitick\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek dorazil do kon\u010d\u00edn \u010ceskej kotliny a\u017e niekedy pred polovinou 6. tis\u00edcro\u010dia pred Kr., a teda o viac ne\u017e 1000 rokov nesk\u00f4r, ne\u017e bol zaznemanan\u00fd v juhov\u00fdchodnej Eur\u00f3pe a na Balk\u00e1ne (\u0158\u00eddk\u00fd 2015, 347). V tom je obsiahnut\u00fd cel\u00fd komplex ot\u00e1zok s\u00favisiac\u00edch s trajekt\u00f3riou \u0161\u00edrenia neolitickej civiliz\u00e1cie do \u010ceskej kotliny ako i jej kult\u00farno-genetick\u00fdch vz\u0165ahov k situ\u00e1cii v Karpatskej kotline a na Balk\u00e1ne.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Archeologick\u00fd kontext v\u00fdrobn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce neolitick\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch brou\u0161en\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f a makrolitick\u00fdch artefakt\u016f. Po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed experiment (Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Sta\u0165 prezentuje po\u010d\u00e1te\u010dn\u00ed experiment vrt\u00e1n\u00ed otvoru pro n\u00e1sadu neolitick\u00e9ho kamenn\u00e9 brou\u0161en\u00e9ho n\u00e1stroje pomoc\u00ed dut\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1ku, jeho\u017e konstrukci vyvinul \u010desk\u00fd kamen\u00edk Jaroslav Fieger (nepubl.), a tak\u00e9 d\u0159\u00edv\u011bj\u0161\u00ed zku\u0161enosti autora se \u0161t\u00edp\u00e1n\u00edm\/otlouk\u00e1n\u00edm a brou\u0161en\u00edm metabazitu typu Pojize\u0159\u00ed. C\u00edlem pokusu nebylo \u0159e\u0161it konstrukci vrt\u00e1ku, ale testovat pou\u017eit\u00ed brusiva z drcen\u00e9ho k\u0159emene. Pokus d\u016fsledn\u011b pou\u017e\u00edval repliky k\u0159emenn\u00fdch drti\u010d\u016f k rozm\u011bl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed brusiva r\u016fzn\u00e9 hrubosti, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eadoval zahlubuj\u00edc\u00ed se dut\u00fd vrt\u00e1k z m\u011bdi. Ten nebyl autentick\u00fd pro podm\u00ednky mlad\u0161\u00ed doby kamenn\u00e9, ale jeho p\u0159esn\u00e1 konstrukce zat\u00edm nen\u00ed zn\u00e1ma a prozat\u00edm odpov\u00edd\u00e1 pracovn\u00edm stop\u00e1m sv\u00fdmi vlastnostmi vrt\u00e1k m\u011bd\u011bn\u00fd (jako usm\u011br\u0148ova\u010d brusiva). V\u00fdsledkem pokusu byl celistv\u00fd v\u00fdvrtek m\u00edrn\u011b k\u00f3nick\u00e9ho tvaru v d\u00e9lce p\u0159es 4 cm, kter\u00fd tvarem odpov\u00edd\u00e1 origin\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159edloh\u00e1m. Na rozd\u00edl od p\u0159edchoz\u00edch pokus\u016f J. Fiegera byl pou\u017eit jako surovina metabazit typu Pojize\u0159\u00ed, nej\u010dast\u011bj\u0161\u00ed surovina neolitu. Pou\u017eit\u00ed ostrohrann\u00e9ho k\u0159emene bylo d\u00e1no praktick\u00fdm p\u0159edpokladem J. Fiegera, mo\u017en\u00e9 pou\u017eit\u00ed k\u0159emene jako suroviny mohou dokl\u00e1dat archeologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy k\u0159emenn\u00fdch valoun\u016f a drti\u010d\u016f na neolitick\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch kultury s vyp\u00edchanou keramikou a z\u00e1v\u011bru kultury s line\u00e1rn\u00ed keramikou na trase budouc\u00ed d\u00e1lnice D11 mezi Hradcem Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 a Jarom\u011b\u0159\u00ed v letech 2017 a 2018.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Organizace prostoru a soci\u00e1ln\u00ed vazby v obytn\u00e9m are\u00e1lu prvn\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f na p\u0159\u00edkladu lokality T\u011b\u0161etice-Kyjovice (Ivana Vostrovsk\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

C\u00edlem p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je studium organizace prostoru a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb v obytn\u00e9m are\u00e1lu prvn\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f na lokalit\u011b T\u011b\u0161etice-Kyjovice. Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed jednotkou studia je dlouh\u00fd d\u016fm, kter\u00fd ob\u00fdvali \u010dlenov\u00e9 jedn\u00e9 dom\u00e1cnosti. \u0158e\u0161en\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky se t\u00fdkaj\u00ed zp\u016fsobu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed voln\u00e9ho prostoru mezi domy, mo\u017en\u00e9 identifikace+ z\u00f3n \u010dinnost\u00ed a soci\u00e1ln\u00edch vazeb.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Zoomorfn\u00ed plastiky z obchvatu Kol\u00edna (Radka \u0160umberov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V\u00edce \u010di m\u00e9n\u011b realistick\u00e1 ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed zv\u00ed\u0159at pat\u0159\u00ed k pom\u011brn\u011b neobvykl\u00fdm n\u00e1lez\u016fm, se kter\u00fdmi se m\u016f\u017eeme na prav\u011bk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch setkat. Objevuj\u00ed se u\u017e od paleolitu, v podob\u011b zn\u00e1m\u00fdch jeskynn\u00edch maleb nebo so\u0161ek z mamutoviny, zobrazuj\u00edc\u00edch p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm \u0161elmy nebo lovenou zv\u011b\u0159. Od z\u00e1v\u011bru star\u0161\u00ed doby kamenn\u00e9 nastupuje vyu\u017eit\u00ed dob\u0159e tvarovateln\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu - hl\u00edny. Hl\u00edna p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed mo\u017enosti dokonal\u00e9ho zformov\u00e1n\u00ed i zn\u00e1zorn\u011bn\u00ed detail\u016f. Zpo\u010d\u00e1tku sice byl je\u0161t\u011b dodr\u017eov\u00e1n jednoduch\u00fd schematizuj\u00edc\u00ed styl star\u0161\u00edch vzor\u016f, postupn\u011b se v\u0161ak ztv\u00e1rn\u011bn\u00ed p\u0159edloh st\u00e1valo realisti\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm, a to nejen u vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed so\u0161ek zv\u00ed\u0159at, ale i daleko po\u010detn\u011bj\u0161\u00edch plastick\u00fdch zobrazen\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch postav.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Bylany - kl\u00ed\u010d k archeologii neolitu. Minulost a sou\u010dasnost v\u00fdzkumu a jeho popularizace (Mark\u00e9ta Kon\u010delov\u00e1, Petr Kv\u011btina)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Hlavn\u00edm p\u0159edm\u011btem \u010dl\u00e1nku je shrnut\u00ed z\u00e1sadn\u00edch etap v\u00fdvoje archeologick\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edstup\u016f k lokalit\u011b Bylany u Kutn\u00e9 Hory. pr\u00e1v\u011b na bylansk\u00fdch inspirativn\u00edch objevech - z\u00edsk\u00e1van\u00fdch dlouhodobou prac\u00ed ji\u017e od 50. let 20. stolet\u00ed - \u0159e\u0161il a nad\u00e1le \u0159e\u0161\u00ed Ivan Pavl\u016f, jubilant tohoto \u010d\u00edsla, \u0159adu aktu\u00e1ln\u00edch ot\u00e1zek. V interpreta\u010dn\u00ed rovin\u011b \u0161lo o formulov\u00e1n\u00ed hypot\u00e9z o zp\u016fsobu fungov\u00e1n\u00ed spole\u010dnosti prvn\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f u n\u00e1s, v metodick\u00e9 pak o statistick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed enormn\u00edho mno\u017estv\u00ed dat z\u00edskan\u00fdch pr\u00e1v\u011b dlouhodob\u00fdm ter\u00e9nn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumem a v analytick\u00e9 hladin\u011b o znaky archeologick\u00fdch dat a jejich vyhodnocen\u00ed. Neodd\u011bliteln\u00e9 spojen\u00ed osoby Ivana Pavl\u016f s lokalitou Bylany v\u0161ak nen\u00ed jedinou pointou textu. Tato neolitick\u00e1 lokalita pat\u0159\u00ed sv\u00fdm v\u00fdznamem k u\u010debnicov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edklad\u016fm prol\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed archeologie s histori\u00ed politick\u00e9ho, spole\u010densk\u00e9ho a paradigmatick\u00e9ho v\u00fdvoje 20. stolet\u00ed. Retrospektivn\u00ed p\u0159ehled tohoto zrcadlen\u00ed je rovn\u011b\u017e n\u00e1pln\u00ed t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

S\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b Bylany u Kutn\u00e9 Hory pohledem organick\u00e9 rezidu\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy (Veronika Brychov\u00e1, Vladim\u00edr Filip, Jan Kyselka)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Z fragment\u016f archeologick\u00e9 keramiky lze v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b z\u00edskat informaci o jejich funkci nejen d\u00edky vzhledu \u010di mineralogick\u00e9mu slo\u017een\u00ed, ale i pomoc\u00ed organick\u00fdch l\u00e1tek, kter\u00e9 se dochovaly v dlouhodob\u00e9m \u010dasov\u00e9m horizontu sorbovan\u00e9 v jejich p\u00f3rech. Tyto l\u00e1tky - pokud jsou v keramice p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 - mohou objasnit, k jak\u00e9mu \u00fa\u010delu n\u00e1doba slou\u017eila, a podat tak v\u00edce informac\u00ed o zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota a diet\u011b na\u0161ich p\u0159edk\u016f. Takov\u00e9 informace jsou zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b cenn\u00e9, pokud se na dan\u00e9m s\u00eddli\u0161ti nena\u0161la \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 paleobotanick\u00e1 data a archeozoologick\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy jsou bu\u010f nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9, \u010di ve velmi \u0161patn\u00e9m stavu. To je p\u0159\u00edpad i v\u00fdznamn\u00e9ho evropsk\u00e9ho neolitick\u00e9ho nalezi\u0161t\u011b Bylany u Kutn\u00e9 Hory, z n\u011bho\u017e byly analyzov\u00e1ny vybran\u00e9 vzorky keramiky z velmi po\u010detn\u00e9ho a pe\u010dliv\u011b kategorizovan\u00e9ho keramick\u00e9ho souboru. Pozornost byla zam\u011b\u0159ena jednak na u\u017eitnou funkci r\u016fzn\u011b tvarovan\u00fdch n\u00e1dob a na objekty, ze kter\u00fdch fragmenty keramiky poch\u00e1zely, a d\u00e1le na objasn\u011bn\u00ed zp\u016fsobu hospoda\u0159en\u00ed na s\u00eddli\u0161ti v Bylanech v r\u00e1mci \u0161ir\u0161\u00edho \u010dasov\u00e9ho horizontu os\u00eddlen\u00ed v obdob\u00ed line\u00e1rn\u00ed keramiky.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

D\u011btsk\u00fd hrob kultury s line\u00e1rn\u00ed keramikou z Plzn\u011b-K\u0159imic (Milan Metli\u010dka, Alena Tr\u010dkov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V roce 2011 byl ve v\u00fdkopu pro elektrick\u00fd kabel v Plzni-K\u0159imic\u00edch nalezen v druhotn\u00e9 poloze obsah d\u011btsk\u00e9ho hrobu kultury s line\u00e1rn\u00ed keramikou s v\u00fdjime\u010dnou v\u00fdbavou obsahuj\u00edc\u00ed vedle keramick\u00fdch n\u00e1dob plochou kopytovitou sekeru, \u0161t\u00edpanou industrii a 34 mramorov\u00fdch perel. Na t\u00e9m\u017ee m\u00edst\u011b prov\u00e1d\u011bl ji\u017e v roce 1975 podobn\u011b koncipovan\u00fd v\u00fdzkum v trase vodovodu Ivan Pavl\u016f<\/em> (2004, 7-60). C\u00edlem \u010dl\u00e1nku je pokusit se zrekonstruovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b zji\u0161t\u011bn\u00fdch poznatk\u016f obsah hrobu a n\u00e1lezovou situaci, prov\u00e9st vyhodnocen\u00ed artefakt\u016f, jejich chronologick\u00e9 za\u0159azen\u00ed a interpretaci. pozornost bude tak\u00e9 v\u011bnov\u00e1na mo\u017en\u00e9 t\u011b\u017eb\u011b mramoru na B\u00edl\u00e9m kameni u S\u00e1zavy ji\u017e v dob\u011b kultury s line\u00e1rn\u00ed keramikou.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Virtu\u00e1ln\u00ed rekonstrukce hal\u0161tatsk\u00fdch velmo\u017esk\u00fdch hrob\u016f Brno-Hol\u00e1sky 1 a 2 (Zuzana M\u00edrov\u00e1, Igor Furugl\u00e1\u0161)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

21. stolet\u00ed je dobou rychl\u00e9ho rozvoje modern\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Mnoho nov\u00fdch metod nalezlo uplatn\u011bn\u00ed v archeologii, rozvoj lze sledovat nejen v aplikaci p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch anal\u00fdz, boom nastal tak\u00e9 v pou\u017eit\u00ed informa\u010dn\u00edch technologi\u00ed. Zuzana M\u00edrov\u00e1 provedla v roce 2017 po t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 stolet\u00ed od v\u00fdzkumu kompletn\u00ed revizi hal\u0161tatsk\u00fdch velmo\u017esk\u00fdch mohyl Brno-Hol\u00e1sky 1<\/em> a 2<\/em> (H1 a H2). P\u0159i n\u00ed se pokusila zasadit do \u0161ir\u0161\u00edch souvislost\u00ed jedny z nejbohat\u0161\u00edch hal\u0161tatsk\u00fdch hrobov\u00fdch celk\u016f stupn\u011b Ha C2 v \u010cesk\u00e9 republice, kulturn\u011b n\u00e1le\u017eej\u00edc\u00ed k v\u00fdchodohal\u0161tatsk\u00e9 kultu\u0159e (d\u0159\u00edve v\u00fdchodohal\u0161tatsk\u00e9mu kulturn\u00edmu okruhu), a to do jej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti - hor\u00e1kovsk\u00e9 skupiny. A\u010d byly oba hroby mnohokr\u00e1t citov\u00e1ny, jejich v\u00fdznam nebyl nikdy zcela rozpozn\u00e1n a nad lokalitou Brno-Hol\u00e1sky tak viselo mnoho otazn\u00edk\u016f. D\u00edky t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 detektivn\u00ed pr\u00e1ci s materi\u00e1lem a p\u016fvodn\u00ed dokumentac\u00ed vznikly nejen nov\u00e9 kresebn\u00e9 a fotografick\u00e9 tabulky s kompletn\u00edm invent\u00e1\u0159em \u010di dopln\u011bn\u00e9 a opraven\u00e9 pl\u00e1ny, ale i grafick\u00e9 vizualizace a zejm\u00e9na 3D rekonstrukce ve spolupr\u00e1ci s odborn\u00edkem na archeologick\u00e9 rekonstrukce Igorem Furugl\u00e1\u0161em. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed postup tvorby 3D rekonstrukc\u00ed Brna-Hol\u00e1sek 1 a 2 jak z hlediska archeologie, tak z hlediska pou\u017eit\u00fdch analogi\u00ed. Rekonstrukce jsou za\u0159azeny do kontextu rekonstruk\u010dn\u00ed archeologie doby hal\u0161tatsk\u00e9 na Morav\u011b. Jako takov\u00e9 jsou nesporn\u011b nejen atraktivn\u00ed prezentac\u00ed pro ve\u0159ejnost, ale i vhodn\u00fdm podkladem pro v\u011bdeckou diskuzi nad sou\u010dasnou \u00farovn\u00ed interpretace bohat\u00e9ho n\u00e1lezu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pyrauny v minulosti a dnes (Stanislav Stuchl\u00edk)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Otopn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed jsou na prav\u011bk\u00fdch nalezi\u0161t\u00edch \u010dast\u00fdm n\u00e1lezem. Jednou formou jsou p\u0159enosn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed - pyrauny<\/em>. Ty jsou v\u0161ak v \u010desk\u00fdch zem\u00edch zastoupeny pouze podstavcem z Brna-Ob\u0159an z pozdn\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9 a st\u0159edov\u011bkou p\u0159enosnou p\u00edckou z \u010cesk\u00e9ho Krumlova. Ve velk\u00e9m po\u010dtu je zn\u00e1me z Karpatsk\u00e9 kotliny, cel\u00e9 ji\u017en\u00ed Evropy a P\u0159edn\u00ed Asie, kde se nej\u010dast\u011bji vyskytuj\u00ed ve star\u0161\u00ed a st\u0159edn\u00ed dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9. D\u0159\u00edve se \u010dasto p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dal u t\u011bchto p\u00edcek kultovn\u00ed v\u00fdznam, dnes se preferuje v\u00fdklad jejich pou\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i p\u0159\u00edprav\u011b j\u00eddel. Zaj\u00edmav\u00e1 je ov\u0161em skute\u010dnost, \u017ee podobn\u00e1 otopn\u00e1 za\u0159\u00edzen\u00ed je\u0161t\u011b v dne\u0161n\u00ed dob\u011b pou\u017e\u00edvaj\u00ed indi\u00e1ni kmene Uros, kte\u0159\u00ed \u017eij\u00ed na um\u011bl\u00fdch r\u00e1kosov\u00fdch ostrovech na jeze\u0159e Titicaca v Ji\u017en\u00ed Americe.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\u010casopis (Re)konstrukce a experiment v archeologii - \u017div\u00e1 archeologie. Obsah \u010d\u00edsel 1\/2000 - 19\/2017<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
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T\u00e9ma: 80 let Ivana Pavl\u016f Poprv\u00e9 jsem do Bylan p\u0159ijel o pr\u00e1zdnin\u00e1ch 1958 stopem, s doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm dopisem v ruce. Rozhovor s profesorem Ivanem Pavl\u016f u p\u0159\u00edle\u017eitosti jeho \u017eivotn\u00edho jubileaPDFBalk\u00e1n – Karpatsk\u00e1 kotlina – \u010cechy: kult\u00farno-chronologick\u00fd kontext (Juraj Pav\u00fak)Ako \u00favod k t\u00e9me pr\u00edspevku m\u00f4\u017ee posl\u00fa\u017ei\u0165 kon\u0161tatovanie \u010desk\u00e9ho autora nov\u0161ej gener\u00e1cie, \u017ee neolitick\u00fd bal\u00ed\u010dek dorazil do kon\u010d\u00edn […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":29216,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29198","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ziva-archeologie","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nRo\u010dn\u00edk 20 (2018) - Katedra archeologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=29198\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 20 (2018) - Katedra archeologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e9ma: 80 let Ivana Pavl\u016f Poprv\u00e9 jsem do Bylan p\u0159ijel o pr\u00e1zdnin\u00e1ch 1958 stopem, s doporu\u010duj\u00edc\u00edm dopisem v ruce. 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