{"id":29034,"date":"2010-12-20T14:01:28","date_gmt":"2010-12-20T12:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=29034"},"modified":"2023-03-02T16:58:36","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T14:58:36","slug":"supplementum-3","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=29034","title":{"rendered":"Supplementum 3"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma: Hroby, poh\u0159by a lidsk\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky na prav\u011bk\u00fdch a st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Co asi znamenaj\u00ed poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch? (Jan Bouzek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 mo\u017enostmi interpretac\u00ed poh\u0159b\u016f na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch v r\u00e1mci paralel v Evrop\u011b, St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed i na P\u0159edn\u00edm V\u00fdchod\u011b. Mezi mo\u017enosti interpretace pat\u0159\u00ed u d\u011btsk\u00fdch poh\u0159b\u00f9 zejm\u00e9na n\u00edzk\u00fd v\u011bk p\u0159ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ijet\u00edm do komunity, u v\u0161ech lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti, n\u00edzk\u00fd soci\u00e1ln\u00ed status (nesvobodn\u00ed a ne\u010dlenov\u00e9 oiku) a\u00a0 zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00ed zvyklosti, spojen\u00e9 s p\u0159edstavami vztah\u016f mezi \u017eiv\u00fdmi a mrtv\u00fdmi.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Domy mrtv\u00fdch ve sv\u011bt\u011b prvn\u00edch zem\u011bd\u011blc\u016f (Jan Turek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku nab\u00edz\u00edm hypotetick\u00e9 \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed ot\u00e1zky poh\u0159ebn\u00edch aktivit v kontextu neolitick\u00fdch obytn\u00fdch are\u00e1l\u016f (Turek 2005). D\u00e1le rozv\u00edj\u00edm argumentaci E. Neustupn\u00e9ho (1995) a R. Bradleyho (2001) t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se symboliky neolitick\u00fdch dom\u016f a jejich potenci\u00e1ln\u00edho poh\u0159ebn\u00edho vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Z\u00e1v\u011brem pak p\u0159ipojuji \u00favahu o mo\u017en\u00e9 genezi tradice dlouh\u00fdch mohyl v prav\u011bku Evropy.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Domy mrtv\u00fdch (Robin P\u011bni\u010dka)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Na konci eneolitu a po\u00e8\u00e1tku doby bronzov\u00e9 (2300 a\u017e 1900 p\u0159. n. l.) p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed domy mrtv\u00fdch jednu z nejslo\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edch hrobov\u00fdch konstrukc\u00ed napodobuj\u00edc\u00ed st\u00e1vaj\u00edc\u00ed s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00ed objekty (domy, chaty) ur\u010dit\u00e9ho spole\u010denstv\u00ed lid\u00ed \u010di kultury. Studie se zam\u011b\u0159uje na spolehliv\u011b dokumentovan\u00e9 kontrukce tohoto typu u moravsk\u00fdch lokalit kultury se \u0161\u0148\u016frovou keramikou (Bystro\u010dice, Olomoucko, Brno - Star\u00fd L\u00edskovec), kultury zvoncovit\u00fdch poh\u00e1r\u016f (St\u0159\u00edbrnice), proto\u00fan\u011btick\u00e9 (Moravsk\u00e1 Nov\u00e1 Ves - Hru\u0161ky) a \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9 kultury (Brat\u010dice, Troskotovice, Suchohrdly). V t\u011bchto hrobech p\u0159eva\u017euj\u00ed poh\u0159by pln\u011b aktivn\u00edch
\nmu\u017e\u016f ve v\u011bku 25\u201350 let, u kter\u00fdch m\u016f\u017eeme usuzovat na vy\u0161\u0161\u00ed soci\u00e1ln\u00ed status (bojovn\u00edk, n\u00e1\u010deln\u00edk). Se stavbami dom\u016f mrtv\u00fdch se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me tak\u00e9 v nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00edm okol\u00ed v prost\u0159ed\u00ed nitransk\u00e9 kultury (Ludanice - M\u00fdtn\u00e1 Nov\u00e1 Ves, Bran\u010d; Slovensko) a na poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti ve Franzhausenu (Rakousko). P\u0159edkl\u00e1dan\u00fd \u010dl\u00e1nek shrnuje dosavadn\u00ed poznatky o poh\u0159ebn\u00edm ritu spojen\u00e9m s domy mrtv\u00fdch a dopl\u0148uje je o antropologick\u00e9 poznatky o tehdej\u0161\u00ed spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161ti nebo poh\u0159ebn\u00ed hlin\u00edky? (Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159edm\u011btem t\u00e9to stati je souvislost dvou tun\u011bchodsk\u00fdch poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 kultury zvoncovit\u00fdch poh\u00e1r\u016f (zat\u00edm publikov\u00e1no pouze v Tich\u00fd - Dohn\u00e1lkov\u00e1 - Dohn\u00e1lkov\u00e1 - Th\u00e9r - Drnovsk\u00fd 2007, Tich\u00fd - Turek - Dohn\u00e1lkov\u00e1 - Dohn\u00e1lkov\u00e1 2008) s objekty s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edho charakteru, kter\u00e9 se nach\u00e1z\u00ed v bl\u00edzkosti \u0159ad hrob\u016f. Tyto \"s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00ed\" objekty z lokality Tun\u011bchody m\u016f\u017eeme pova\u017eovat bu\u010f za p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed deprese vypln\u011bn\u00e9 zbytky kulturn\u00ed vrstvy, nebo za skute\u010dn\u00e9 s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00ed objekty nebo tak\u00e9 za \"hlin\u00edky\" k z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed materi\u00e1lu k navr\u0161en\u00ed mohylov\u00e9ho n\u00e1spu nad \u0159adami hrob\u016f.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch z Kol\u00ednska a ``poh\u0159by`` z velimsk\u00e9 Skalky (Milo\u0161 V\u00e1vra, Dra\u017een \u0160\u0165astn\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Po \u00favodn\u00ed informaci o prav\u011bk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch na Kol\u00ednsku, na nich\u017e jsme zachytili lidsk\u00e9 poh\u0159by, sledujeme interpreta\u010dn\u00ed pokusy vysv\u011btluj\u00edc\u00ed n\u00e1lezov\u00e9 situace ze Skalky u Velmi (rozs\u00e1hl\u00fd opevn\u011bn\u00fd are\u00e1l ze st\u0159edn\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9) a p\u0159edkl\u00e1d\u00e1me rekonstrukci fortifikace s p\u0159\u00edkopy H a E. Za t\u00edmto opevn\u011bn\u00edm se nach\u00e1zel tak zvan\u00fd \"p\u0159\u00edkop\" E, hlin\u00edk vytvo\u0159en\u00fd z t\u011b\u017en\u00edch jam pro v\u00fdstavbu hradby. Po dobyt\u00ed a vyvra\u017ed\u011bn\u00ed obyvatel n\u00e1sledovalo \u00fapln\u00e9 zni\u010den\u00ed hradi\u0161t\u011b a pot\u00e9 nastoupilo postupn\u00e9 zapl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch prohlubn\u00ed opakuj\u00edc\u00edm se obsahem (vedle dal\u0161\u00edch n\u00e1lez\u016f t\u00e9\u017e lidsk\u00e1 t\u011bla, torza a\u017e shluky kost\u00ed). Zachycen\u00e9 etapy samovoln\u00e9ho p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho procesu ukazuj\u00ed na ne\u00famysln\u00e9 jedn\u00e1n\u00ed a zna\u010dn\u00fd pod\u00edl zv\u00ed\u0159at na rozpadu pobit\u00fdch a nepoh\u0159ben\u00fdch lidsk\u00fdch t\u011bl. V podstat\u011b ke shodn\u00fdm z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm dosp\u011bli ve sv\u00e9 zpr\u00e1v\u011b brit\u0161t\u00ed antropologov\u00e9 a osteologov\u00e9 v ned\u00e1vn\u00e9 publikaci o velimsk\u00e9 Skalce.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

S\u00eddliskov\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy \u013eudsk\u00fdch kostier z lokality Vydrica (Bratislava, Slovensko) (Pavol Jel\u00ednek, Branislav Kov\u00e1r, Radoslav Benu\u0161)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nok vych\u00e1dza z v\u00fdsledkov z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdskumu na lokalite Vydrica - Podhradie v Bratislave (Slovensko). Na lokalite sa na\u0161li n\u00e1lezy, ktor\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvali \u010dasov\u00fd \u00fasek od eneolitu a\u017e po stredovek. V kult\u00farnych vrstv\u00e1ch mimo archeologick\u00fdch objektov sa na\u0161li \u0161tyri kostry z doby lat\u00e9nskej, potvrdzuje, \u017ee by mohlo \u00eds\u0165 o doklady katastrofick\u00e9ho horizontu, ktor\u00fd zachytili aj predch\u00e1dzaj\u00face v\u00fdskumy. Naopak v pr\u00edpade piatych detsk\u00fdch skeletov a roztr\u00fasen\u00fdch \u013eudsk\u00fdch kostiach zo v\u010dasn\u00e9ho stredoveku m\u00f3\u017ee \u00eds\u0165 o prejav spolo\u010denskko-kultov\u00fdch preds\u00e1v, ktor\u00e9 sa nevymykaj\u00fa zo s\u00faboru podobn\u00fdch n\u00e1lezov na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska objaven\u00fdch v bl\u00edzkosti \u013eudsk\u00fdch s\u00eddlisk.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pr\u00edspevok k \u013eudsk\u00fdm obet\u00e1m a k prejavom antropof\u00e1gie v \u017eeliezovskej skupine na juhoz\u00e1padnom Slovensku (Pavol Jel\u00ednek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Pr\u00edspevok pojedn\u00e1va o neolitick\u00fdch n\u00e1lezoch \u013eudsk\u00fdch kostier spolu s izolovan\u00fdmi kos\u0165ami z prostredia \u017eeliezovskej skupiny z juhoz\u00e1padn\u00e9ho Slovenska. Autori ich pova\u017euj\u00fa za zachovan\u00e9 hmotn\u00e9 pozostatky po ritu\u00e1lnej \u010dinnosti, ktor\u00e1 bola vykon\u00e1van\u00e1 so z\u00e1merom dosiahnu\u0165 prosperitu pre dan\u00fa komunitu. T\u00e1to aktivita mala pravdepodobne orgiastick\u00fd charakter a jej analogick\u00e9 relikty je mo\u017en\u00e9 h\u013eada\u0165 v antick\u00fdch prame\u0148och a \u013eudov\u00fdch zvykoch dolo\u017een\u00fdch v eur\u00f3pskom folkl\u00f3re.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pro\u010d jsou hroby tak\u00e9 na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch z neolitu a eneolitu? (Jarom\u00edr Kov\u00e1rn\u00edk)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Doposud je podchyceno kolem p\u016fl sta lokalit s moravskou malovanou keramikou (MMK) lengyelsk\u00e9 kultury (LgK) s v\u00fdskytem cel\u00fdch nebo \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch skelet\u016f. Poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch mohly tak\u00e9 b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladov\u00fdmi ob\u011b\u0165mi dom\u016f a v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch staveb. Do t\u00e9to skupiny rovn\u011b\u017e p\u0159in\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed poh\u0159by uvnit\u0159 rondel\u016f jako sociokultovn\u00edch sou\u010d\u00e1st\u00ed mladoneolitick\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165. Vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u00edch z\u00e1sobn\u00edch jam na obil\u00ed k ulo\u017een\u00ed zem\u0159el\u00fdch po\u010d\u00ednaje mlad\u0161\u00edm neolitem a roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en\u00e9 zejm\u00e9na v dob\u011b \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9 kultury a v\u011bte\u0159ovsk\u00e9 skupiny star\u0161\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9 nen\u00ed jejich jedin\u00e9 druhotn\u00e9 posl\u00e1n\u00ed. Do obiln\u00edch sil byly velmi \u010dasto vkl\u00e1d\u00e1ny tak\u00e9 depoty n\u00e1dob jako nap\u0159\u00edklad v kultu\u0159e n\u00e1levkovit\u00fdch poh\u00e1r\u016f v Bo\u017eic\u00edch - \u010cesk\u00e9 kolonii u Dvoru Hoja nebo v Hnanic\u00edch, okr. Znojmo. V\u011bt\u0161inou jde o j\u00eddeln\u00ed nebo pic\u00ed servisy. Zem\u0159el\u00ed, kte\u0159\u00ed byli ulo\u017eeni v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch j\u00e1m\u00e1ch, mohli tam b\u00fdt poh\u0159beni ryze z pragmatick\u00fdch d\u016fvod\u016f. V mraziv\u00fdch zimn\u00edch m\u011bs\u00edc\u00edch, kdy byla p\u016fda zmrzl\u00e1, bylo nesnadn\u00e9 a n\u011bkdy zcela nemo\u017en\u00e9 poh\u0159b\u00edvat zem\u0159el\u00e9.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch lengyelsk\u00e9 kultury na st\u0159edn\u00ed Morav\u011b (Pavl\u00edna Kal\u00e1bkov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je shrnut\u00edm dosavadn\u00edho stavu pozn\u00e1n\u00ed o poh\u0159bech na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch lengyelsk\u00e9 kultury a Epilengyelu v regionu st\u0159edn\u00ed Moravy. Jednotliv\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti jsou v\u011bnov\u00e1ny vymezen\u00ed regionu, historii b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed, zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1lezov\u00e9 situace a z\u00e1v\u011br\u016fm.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pohreby na s\u00eddlisku ludanickej skupiny v Nitre-Mlyn\u00e1rciach (Ivan Kuzma, J\u00falius Jakab, Monika Kop\u010dekov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Najvy\u0161\u0161\u00ed po\u010det pochovan\u00fdch jedincov z mlad\u0161ieho obdobia lengyelskej kult\u00fary na Slovensku pozn\u00e1me zo s\u00eddlisk ludanickej skupiny. V s\u00fa\u010dasnosti registrujeme ich najv\u00e4\u010d\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdskyt na \u00fazem\u00ed Nitry a v jej bl\u00ed\u017e\u0161om okol\u00ed. Ide celkom o 15 n\u00e1lez\u00edsk.
\nV r\u00e1mci s\u00eddliska v Nitre-Mlyn\u00e1rciach bolo presk\u00faman\u00fdch 13 kostrov\u00fdch hrobov a dve s\u00eddliskov\u00e9 jamy s kompletne dochovan\u00fdmi \u013eudsk\u00fdmi skeletmi. Z antropologick\u00e9ho h\u013eadiska ide o v\u00fdnimo\u010dn\u00fd kostrov\u00fd s\u00fabor. Zistilo sa pomerne vysok\u00e9 zast\u00fapenie kostrov\u00fdch zvy\u0161kov mlad\u00fdch \u017eien s evidentne ve\u013ek\u00fdm mno\u017estvom st\u00f4p po \u00famyseln\u00fdch z\u00e1va\u017en\u00fdch prejavoch n\u00e1silia (hlavne na lebk\u00e1ch).
\nOt\u00e1zka hrobov na s\u00eddlisk\u00e1ch vo v\u0161eobecnej \u00farovni komplikovan\u00e1 problematika u\u017e t\u00fdm \u017ee ide z dne\u0161n\u00e9ho poh\u013eadu o prejav neobvyklej formy pochovania. Zah\u0155\u0148a mno\u017estvo \u010diastkov\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok na ktor\u00e9 m\u00f4\u017eu by\u0165 \u010dasto rozdielne odpovede nielen v r\u00e1mci jednotliv\u00fdch kult\u00far praveku i v\u010dasn\u00e9ho stredoveku, ale i v z\u00e1vislosti na konkr\u00e9tnych lokalit\u00e1ch.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

S\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00ed poh\u0159by kultury n\u00e1levkovit\u00fdch poh\u00e1r\u016f (Veronika Sch\u00f6nigerov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V tomto \u010dl\u00e1nku byly shrnuty dosud z literatury zn\u00e1m\u00e9 a dostupn\u00e9 lokality s poh\u0159by kultury n\u00e1levkovit\u00fdch poh\u00e1r\u016f v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edm kontextu a to v oblasti \u010cech a v\u00fdchodn\u00edho N\u011bmecka. U t\u011bchto lokalit byl vytvo\u0159en stru\u010dn\u00fd popis ulo\u017een\u00ed jedinc\u016f v r\u016fzn\u00fdch typech objekt\u016f a n\u00e1stin jejich mo\u017en\u00e9 interpretace.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Hromadn\u00e9 poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch star\u0161\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9 na Morav\u011b (Stanislav Stuchl\u00edk)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Ve star\u0161\u00ed dob\u011b bronzov\u00e9 jsou b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm jevem poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch a krom\u011b poh\u0159b\u00f9 jedn\u00e9 osoby se \u010dasto objevuj\u00ed i poh\u0159by v\u00edce osob. Hromadn\u00e9 poh\u0159by se vyskytly na 22 \u00fan\u011btick\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch (27 objekt\u016f, 82 jedinc\u016f) a 12 v\u011bte\u0159ovsk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch (15 objekt\u016f, 43 jedinc\u016f). Po\u010det jedinc\u016f v jednom objektu se pohybuje od dvou do 12. Pro vysv\u011btlen\u00ed poh\u0159b\u00f9 na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch jsou t\u0159i z\u00e1kladn\u00ed mo\u017enosti: doklady ob\u011btn\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f, neritu\u00e1ln\u00ed poh\u0159by, ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed poh\u0159by s milodary.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Prispevok k interpret\u00e1cii tzv. masov\u00fdch hrobov z prostredia \u00fan\u011btickej kult\u00fary (Pavol Jel\u00ednek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nok sa zaober\u00e1 problematikou interpret\u00e1cie n\u00e1lezov viacer\u00fdch skeletov v s\u00eddliskov\u00fdch objektoch v dobe bronzovej. Autor uv\u00e1dza dostupn\u00e9 inform\u00e1cie o tzv. masov\u00fdch hroboch z juhoz\u00e1padn\u00e9ho Slovenska, ktor\u00e9 porovn\u00e1va s \u010fal\u0161\u00edmi n\u00e1lezmi \u00fan\u011btickej kult\u00fary zo z\u00e1padnej\u0161\u00edch oblast\u00ed, ako aj s n\u00e1lezmi z pohreb\u00edsk a nasleduj\u00facich stup\u0148ov doby bronzovej. Niektor\u00e9 z n\u00e1lezov vytv\u00e1raj\u00fa \u0161pecifick\u00e9 skupiny (po\u010det, pohlavie, poloha jedincov, resp. in\u00e9 sledovan\u00e9 javy) \u010do umo\u017e\u0148uje vyslovi\u0165 \u00fasudok, \u017ee je mo\u017en\u00e9 interpretova\u0165 tieto n\u00e1lezy ako kultov\u00e9, resp. ritu\u00e1lne, s \u010diasto\u010dn\u00fdm funer\u00e1lnym v\u00fdznamom (napr. ako obety chtonick\u00fdm sil\u00e1m do podsvetia).<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Poh\u0159by v p\u00edthoi (Michaela Zykov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nek pojedn\u00e1v\u00e1 o sice zn\u00e1m\u00e9m zvl\u00e1\u0161tn\u00edm typu poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed, ale nediskutovan\u00e9m. C\u00edlem \u010dl\u00e1nku je p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017eit fenom\u00e9n poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed ve velk\u00fdch z\u00e1sobnic\u00edch, tedy v p\u00edthoi, sezn\u00e1men\u00ed se s n\u00e1lezov\u00fdmi okolnostmi a jednotliv\u00fdmi zn\u00e1m\u00fdmi n\u00e1lezy a pokus o interpretaci tohoto fenom\u00e9nu na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Poh\u0159by v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch j\u00e1m\u00e1ch z doby bronzov\u00e9 v Bystro\u010dic\u00edch (Arkadiusz Tajer)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nek shrnuje informace o kostrov\u00fdch poh\u0159bech v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch j\u00e1m\u00e1ch doby bronzov\u00e9 na katastru obce Bystro\u010dice. Autor zde pod\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ehled n\u00e1lezov\u00e9 situace ze star\u0161\u00edch i nov\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, v\u010detn\u011b seznamu n\u00e1lez\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edch z jam s poh\u0159by. \u010cl\u00e1nek obsahuje tak\u00e9 antropologickou anal\u00fdzu jedinc\u016f nalezen\u00fdch p\u0159i nov\u00fdch v\u00fdzkumech. Na z\u00e1klad\u011b n\u00e1lez\u016f jsou poh\u0159bi v j\u00e1m\u00e1ch v Bystro\u010dic\u00edch datov\u00e1ny do dvou obdob\u00ed \u2013 do v\u011bte\u0159ovsk\u00e9 skupiny a do star\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1ze lu\u017eick\u00e9 kultury. V z\u00e1v\u011bru autor pod\u00e1v\u00e1 mo\u017enou interpretaci tohoto variabiln\u00edho zp\u016fsobu poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed. Nelze ho pova\u017eovat jen za typick\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad poh\u0159bu v j\u00e1m\u011b, ale m\u011bl pravd\u011bpodobn\u011b hlub\u0161\u00ed religi\u00f3zn\u00ed v\u00fdznam, jako nap\u0159\u00edklad ob\u011b\u0165 ritu\u00e1lu spjat\u00e9ho s rolnick\u00fdmi pracemi a obnoven\u00edm vegetativn\u00edch sil p\u0159\u00edrody \u010di jej lze interpretovat tak\u00e9 jako skutek trestu, pop\u0159\u00edpad\u011b ochrany proti up\u00edr\u016fm.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

V\u011bte\u0159ovsk\u00e9 poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch z \u00fazem\u00ed Znojemska (David Ro\u017enovsk\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V z\u00e1v\u011bru star\u0161\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9 doch\u00e1z\u00ed s n\u00e1stupem v\u011bte\u0159ovsk\u00e9 skupiny k cel\u00e9 \u0159ad\u011b zm\u011bn. Jedna z t\u011bchto zm\u011bn se t\u00fdk\u00e1 i rozpadu poh\u0159ebn\u00edho ritu. Zat\u00edmco v p\u0159edchoz\u00ed \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9 kultu\u0159e se poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1 na standardn\u00edch poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u00edch a vcelku vzato se dodr\u017euje p\u0159\u00edsn\u00fd poh\u0159ebn\u00ed ritus, ve v\u011bte\u0159ovsk\u00e9 skupin\u011b n\u00e1m po dlouhou dobu sch\u00e1zela klasick\u00e1 poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b. Jako zdroj pozn\u00e1n\u00ed poh\u0159ebn\u00edho ritu t\u00e9to skupiny n\u00e1m slou\u017eily n\u00e1lezy ze s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165. Dnes, d\u00edky objevu mohyln\u00edku v Borotic\u00edch (Stuchl\u00edk 2006) a poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti v Brani\u0161ovic\u00edch (Stuchl\u00edk 2010) v\u00edme, \u017ee se i v samotn\u00e9m z\u00e1v\u011bru star\u0161\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9 poh\u0159b\u00edvalo na standardn\u00edch poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u00edch. Nicm\u00e9n\u011b tento poznatek nem\u011bn\u00ed nic na tom, \u017ee antropologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l poch\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00ed ze s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 hraje d\u016fle\u017eitou roli v celkov\u00e9m pozn\u00e1n\u00ed poh\u0159ebn\u00edch zvyklost\u00ed v\u011bte\u0159ovsk\u00e9 skupiny. V tomto ohledu hraje Znojemsko d\u016fle\u017eitou roli, nebo\u0165 z t\u00e9to oblasti poch\u00e1z\u00ed po\u010detn\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy antropologick\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch ze star\u0161\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9 z Hul\u00ednska (Miroslav Da\u0148hel, Anna Pankowsk\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V t\u00e9to studii shrnujeme poh\u0159by v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch jam\u00e1ch ze starobronzov\u00fdch mikroregion\u00f9 na katastru Hul\u00edna a Chr\u00e1\u0161\u0165an (okr. Krom\u011b\u0159\u00ed\u017e). C\u00edlem studie je sestavit p\u0159ehled typ\u016f t\u011bchto poh\u0159b\u016f a form\u00e1ln\u011b ur\u010dit r\u016fzn\u00e9 zp\u016fsoby ulo\u017een\u00ed v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch jam\u00e1ch. \u010clen\u011bn\u00ed bylo provedeno na z\u00e1klad\u011b ulo\u017een\u00ed kostry v j\u00e1m\u011b a jej\u00edho zachov\u00e1n\u00ed. D\u00e1le je sledov\u00e1no rozlo\u017een\u00ed podle pohlav\u00ed a v\u011bku, na z\u00e1klad\u011b \u010detnosti poz\u016fstatk\u016f v jedn\u00e9 j\u00e1m\u011b (zastoupen\u00ed podle pohlav\u00ed a v\u011bku je pozorov\u00e1no u hromadn\u00fdch poh\u0159b\u016f). Statistick\u00fd rozd\u00edl byl zji\u0161t\u011bn mezi ulo\u017een\u00edm (anatomick\u00e1 nebo neanatomick\u00e1 poloha) kostry a um\u00edst\u011bn\u00edm v j\u00e1m\u011b, d\u00e1le tak\u00e9 zachov\u00e1n\u00edm kostry vych\u00e1zej\u00edc\u00edm z jej\u00edho um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed v j\u00e1m\u011b. Variabilita s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch poh\u0159b\u016f je zna\u010dn\u00e1. Nerozli\u0161ujeme, zda se jedn\u00e1 o ritu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo neritu\u00e1ln\u00ed rozlo\u017een\u00ed jednotlivc\u016f. Ob\u011b formy mohou b\u00fdt d\u016fsledkem velmi sofistikovan\u00e9ho poh\u0159bu. Z tohoto d\u016fvodu vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me form\u00e1ln\u00ed ur\u010den\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Hroby a ``hroby`` pilinskej a kyjatickej kult\u00fary (Vladim\u00edr Mit\u00e1\u0161)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Pr\u00edspevok sumarizuje problematick\u00e9 hrobov\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy dvoch geneticky sp\u00e4t\u00fdch kult\u00far juhov\u00fdchodn\u00fdch popolnicov\u00fdch pol\u00ed: pilinskej a kyjatickej kult\u00fary. Tieto n\u00e1lezy, t. j. ojedinel\u00e9 kostrov\u00e9 hroby, hroby na s\u00eddlisk\u00e1ch a hroby v jaskyniach, sa nateraz ozna\u00e8ili ako \u201ehroby\u201c. Za s\u00fa\u010dasn\u00e9ho stavu b\u00e1dania sa kon\u0161tatuje, \u017ee charakteristick\u00fdm hrobom tak pilinskej kult\u00fary, ako aj kyjatickej kult\u00fary je \u017eiarov\u00fd hrob vo viacer\u00fdch vari\u00e1ci\u00e1ch. Tak\u00fdto hrob sa nach\u00e1dza v are\u00e1li pohrebiska, ktor\u00e9 je v\u017edy zrete\u013ene oddelen\u00e9 od are\u00e1lu s\u00favek\u00e9ho s\u00eddliska. Zatia\u013e sa exaktne nedolo\u017eilo, \u017ee by to bolo inak.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

K ot\u00e1zce ploch\u00fdch poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 hal\u0161tatsk\u00e9 mohylov\u00e9 kultury (Milan Metli\u010dka)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V sou\u010dasn\u00e9 dob\u011b je pod vlivem nov\u011b vydan\u00e9 Archeologie prav\u011bk\u00fdch \u010cech, Doba hal\u0161tatsk\u00e1 obecn\u011b p\u0159ij\u00edm\u00e1n n\u00e1zor, \u017ee v\u0161echna poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b hal\u0161tatsk\u00e9 mohylov\u00e9 kultury (stupe\u0148 HaC) v z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch jsou mohylov\u00e1. C\u00edlem tohoto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku je s t\u00edmto n\u00e1zorem polemizovat na z\u00e1klad\u011b v\u00fdzkum\u016f nov\u00fdch poh\u0159ebn\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f a na v\u00fdsledc\u00edch rozbor\u016f ji\u017e zn\u00e1m\u00fdch poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 hledat argumenty pro sou\u010dasnou existenci poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed jak pod mohylami, tak pod ploch\u00fdmi hroby.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Lidsk\u00e9 osteologick\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky v s\u00eddeln\u00edch struktur\u00e1ch z obdob\u00ed Ha D - LT D v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b (Ji\u0159\u00ed Waldhauser)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Tento \u010dl\u00e1nek kompletuje v\u00fdskyt lidsk\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f na s\u00eddlech Kelt\u016f v \u010cech\u00e1ch a na Morav\u011b od od pozdn\u00edho hal\u0161tatu po konec lat\u00e9nu. Autor interpretuje p\u011bt vy\u010dlen\u011bn\u00fdch skupin jako doklady ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch praktik, resp. konfliktn\u00edch situac\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

\u010casn\u011b lat\u00e9nsk\u00fd d\u011btsk\u00fd poh\u0159eb v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edm objektu z P\u0159edm\u011b\u0159ic (okr. Hradec Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9) (Miroslav Nov\u00e1k)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159i v\u00fdstavb\u011b hr\u00e1ze na k.\u00fa. P\u0159edm\u011b\u0159ice nad Labem byl v roce 2008 nalezen d\u011btsk\u00fd hrob zahlouben\u00fd do podlahy \u010dasn\u011b lat\u00e9nsk\u00e9 zemnice. Sledov\u00e1n\u00ed koncentrace n\u00e1lez\u016f v jednotliv\u00fdch vrstv\u00e1ch a segmentech dovoluje rekonstruovat zapl\u0148ov\u00e1n\u00ed objektu. Z n\u011bj vypl\u00fdv\u00e1, \u017ee d\u011btsk\u00fd poh\u0159eb nemusel b\u00fdt z\u00e1kladovou ob\u011bt\u00ed, ale mohl vzniknout a\u017e po z\u00e1niku p\u016fvodn\u00ed funkce chaty.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Poh\u0159by Germ\u00e1n\u016f (Markoman\u016f a Kv\u00e1d\u016f) na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 a doby st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f (Eduard Droberjar)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Obdobn\u011b jako v jin\u00fdch obdob\u00edch \u010deskomoravsk\u00e9ho nebo evropsk\u00e9ho prav\u011bku a ran\u00e9 doby d\u011bjinn\u00e9 (Rulf 1996; Beilke - Voigt 2007), tak i v dob\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s poh\u0159by Germ\u00e1n\u016f na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch. V\u00fdskyt ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch nebo neritu\u00e1ln\u00edch kostrov\u00fdch poh\u0159b\u016f, event. n\u00e1lezy \u010d\u00e1st\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch skelet\u016f na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch je o to zaj\u00edmav\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee dominantn\u00edm poh\u0159ebn\u00edm ritem po celou dobu \u0159\u00edmskou byl u polabsk\u00fdch Germ\u00e1n\u016f (Sv\u00e9b\u016f), tedy i u Markoman\u016f a Kv\u00e1d\u016f \u017e\u00e1rov\u00fd zp\u016fsob. Nejstar\u0161\u00ed kostrov\u00e9 hroby Sv\u00e9b\u016f zn\u00e1me od f\u00e1ze B1a, ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtu pak hlavn\u011b v obdob\u00ed B1b-B1c a na konci doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 (C2-C3). Kostrov\u00e9 hroby se na lokalit\u00e1ch vyskytuj\u00ed bu\u010f samosttn\u011b (izolovan\u011b), a to jako bohat\u00e9 (typ\u016f L\u00fcbsow, Leuna - Ha\u00dfleben - Gommern, event. jin\u00e9) nebo standardn\u011b vybaven\u00e9, ve skupin\u00e1ch nebo na \u017e\u00e1rov\u00fdch poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u00edch\u00a0 nap\u0159. Mikulov, Abrah\u00e1m, Sl\u00e1dkovi\u010dovo (Lichardus 1984; Krekovi\u010d 1996; Pe\u0161ka - Tejral edd. 2002; Droberjar 2006, 650-652; t\u00fd\u017e 2007; Bemmann - Vo\u00df 2007). Kostrov\u00e9 hroby se mohou ojedin\u011ble objevit i na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch z doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9, ov\u0161em v r\u016fzn\u00fdch \u010dasov\u00fdch souvislostech, nap\u0159. bohat\u00fd hrob v Beroun\u011b-Z\u00e1vod\u00ed z konce 4. stolet\u00ed na s\u00eddli\u0161ti ze star\u0161\u00ed doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 (B\u0159ich\u00e1\u010dek 1981; B\u0159ich\u00e1\u010dek - Ko\u0161nar 1998). Krom\u011b kostrov\u00fdch hrob\u016f jsou na lokalit\u00e1ch z doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 dolo\u017eeny i poh\u0159by \u010dasto neritu\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo se v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch objektech nach\u00e1zej\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti skelet\u016f\u00a0 a fragmenty lidsk\u00fdch kost\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Lidsk\u00e9 kostern\u00ed poz\u016fstatky na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch ve st\u0159edov\u011bku. Mo\u017enosti interpretace (Josef Unger)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159i interpretaci se pohybujeme v rozmez\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed \u010di men\u0161\u00ed pravd\u011bpodobnosti. Lidsk\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch lze vysv\u011btlit d\u016fvody chronologick\u00fdmi, soci\u00e1ln\u00edmi, n\u00e1bo\u017eensk\u00fdmi \u010di ritu\u00e1ln\u00edmi, n\u00e1siln\u00fdmi a krimin\u00e1ln\u00edmi.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Jak byli Bo\u017eej s Bo\u0159utem jako hovada hozeni do j\u00e1my (Michal Lutovsk\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek p\u0159edstavuje stru\u010dn\u00e9 zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad lidsk\u00fdmi poz\u016fstatky spojovan\u00fdmi s v\u00e1le\u010dn\u00fdmi \u010di jin\u00fdmi konflikty v ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku. Zmi\u0148ov\u00e1ny jsou p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm ostatky objeven\u00e9 p\u0159i v\u00fdzkumu hradi\u0161\u0165, a to mimo poh\u0159ebn\u00ed m\u00edsta. Jednozna\u010dn\u00e9 spojen\u00ed s v\u011bt\u0161\u00edm konfliktem dovoluj\u00ed v \u010cech\u00e1ch pouze n\u00e1lezy z N\u011bm\u011btic (sp\u00e1len\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 kosti) a Bud\u010de (hromadn\u00fd hrob). Ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy t\u011bl v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch objektech pova\u017euje autor za doklad mezn\u00edch n\u00e1siln\u00fdch situac\u00ed nedoprov\u00e1zen\u00fdch b\u011b\u017en\u00fdm ritu\u00e1ln\u00edm poh\u0159bem. O v\u00fdjime\u010dnosti takov\u00e9ho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed i l\u00ed\u010den\u00ed Kosmovy kroniky t\u00fdkaj\u00edc\u00ed se zabit\u00ed Bo\u017eeje a Bo\u0159uta z rodu Vr\u0161ovc\u016f v roce 1108.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

K probl\u00e9mu interpretace ostatk\u016f d\u011bt\u00ed na ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9m s\u00eddli\u0161ti v Praze-Liboci (Na\u010fa Profantov\u00e1, Michal Bure\u0161)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nek p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed dob\u0159e dokumentovan\u00e9 doklady odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed mal\u00fdch d\u011bt\u00ed v ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku. Dv\u011b d\u011bti - novorozenec a asi 9 m\u011bs\u00edc\u016f star\u00e9 d\u00edt\u011b - byly odlo\u017eeny do odpadkov\u00fdch, p\u016fvodn\u011b z\u00e1sobn\u00edch jam na s\u00eddli\u0161ti v Praze-Liboci. S\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b v Praze-Liboci m\u011blo minim\u00e1ln\u011b dv\u011b chronologick\u00e9 f\u00e1ze stanoven\u00e9 na z\u00e1klad\u011b stratigrafie a rozboru keramiky. 1. \u010dasn\u011b slovanskou (2. pol. 6. \u2013 7. stolet\u00ed) a 2. starohradi\u0161n\u00ed (8. \u2013 polovina 9. stolet\u00ed). Z obou f\u00e1z\u00ed disponujeme t\u00e9\u017e daty 14<\/sup>C. Ob\u011b z\u00e1sobnice s pohozen\u00fdmi d\u011btmi pat\u0159\u00ed mlad\u0161\u00ed f\u00e1zi, maj\u00ed kalibrovan\u00e1 14<\/sup>C data 776\/777-901 (903). Vzhledem ke keramice nalezen\u00e9 ve vrstv\u00e1ch v\u00fdpln\u011b jam preferujume jako pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed star\u0161\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st intervalu, tedy konec 8. a 1. polovinu 9. stolet\u00ed. V dal\u0161\u00edch dvou jam\u00e1ch byly nalezeny odhozen\u00e9 kostry ps\u016f, zach\u00e1zelo se s nimi stejn\u011b jako s d\u011btmi (obr. 1).
\nN\u00e1lezovou situaci interpretujeme nejen jako doklad nepietn\u00edho zach\u00e1zen\u00ed, ale i jako pravd\u011bpodobn\u00fd doklad zab\u00edjen\u00ed nikter\u00fdch (p\u0159ebyte\u010dn\u00fdch) novorozenc\u016f nebo odkl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed nep\u0159ijat\u00fdch do komunity. Toto chov\u00e1n\u00ed u Slovan\u016f opakovan\u011b dokl\u00e1daj\u00ed p\u00edsemn\u00e9 prameny. Archeologick\u00e9 doklady z Prahy-Liboce pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm v \u010cech\u00e1ch, obdobn\u00e9 situace zn\u00e1me pak je\u0161t\u011b z 10. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 lidsk\u00e9 ostatky v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch situac\u00edch v \u010cech\u00e1ch (Kate\u0159ina Tomkov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Text je v\u011bnov\u00e1n prim\u00e1rn\u011b i sekund\u00e1rn\u011b ulo\u017een\u00fdm ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdm lidsk\u00fdm ostatk\u016fm v \u010cech\u00e1ch, a to z hlediska typologie n\u00e1lez\u016f, zastoupen\u00ed d\u011bt\u00ed a dosp\u011bl\u00fdch i z hlediska chronologick\u00e9ho. Jejich vyhodnocen\u00ed dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 vysok\u00fd stupe\u0148 individualizace n\u00e1lezov\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. Zat\u00edmco n\u00e1lezy d\u011btsk\u00fdch skelet\u016f poch\u00e1zej\u00ed jak ze s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165, tak hradi\u0161\u0165 a soust\u0159e\u010fuj\u00ed se do obdob\u00ed 9. \u2013 10. stolet\u00ed, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b skelet\u016f dosp\u011bl\u00fdch byla prok\u00e1z\u00e1na \u00fazk\u00e1 vazba na are\u00e1ly hradi\u0161\u0165 \u010di jejich nejbli\u017e\u0161\u00ed sousedstv\u00ed. Jejich n\u00e1lezy tak\u00e9 pokr\u00fdvaj\u00ed \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed \u010dasov\u00fd interval p\u0159i nejmen\u0161\u00edm od 9. do po\u010d\u00e1tku 12. stolet\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Sonda do problematiky nestandardn\u00edho poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed v kontextu ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 na Morav\u011b (\u0160\u00e1rka Krupi\u010dkov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159edlo\u017een\u00fd p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek si klade za c\u00edl zmapovat v\u00fdskyt hrob\u016f a poh\u0159b\u016f na ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch venkovsk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch lokalit\u00e1ch na Morav\u011b, a to zejm\u00e9na s p\u0159ihl\u00e9dnut\u00edm k v\u00fdskytu mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u00e9ho ulo\u017een\u00ed lidsk\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f, ozna\u010dovan\u00fdch jako kategorie nestandardn\u00edch hrob\u016f \u010di poh\u0159b\u016f. V prvn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1sti je \u0159e\u0161ena obecn\u00e1 odborn\u00e1 terminologie (pojmy hrob, poh\u0159eb, standardn\u00ed, nestandardn\u00ed, apod.), d\u00e1le jsou definov\u00e1ny jednotliv\u00e9 kategorie poh\u0159b\u016f zachycen\u00e9 na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch s uveden\u00edm jejich konkr\u00e9tn\u00edch p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f na jednotliv\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch a n\u00e1sleduje shrnut\u00ed dominuj\u00edc\u00edch jev\u016f \u010di naopak upozorn\u011bn\u00ed na unik\u00e1tn\u00ed n\u00e1lezov\u00e9 okolnosti. Doklady poh\u0159b\u016f ve venkovsk\u00e9m prost\u0159ed\u00ed jsou pr\u016fb\u011b\u017en\u011b srovn\u00e1v\u00e1ny se situac\u00ed na centr\u00e1ln\u00edch a v\u00fd\u0161inn\u00fdch lokalit\u00e1ch. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek uzav\u00edr\u00e1 kr\u00e1tk\u00e9 zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad mo\u017enostmi interpretace v\u00fdskytu hrob\u016f a poh\u0159b\u016f na ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Hroby \u013eudsk\u00fdch jedincov v s\u00eddliskovom prostred\u00ed z 9.-10. storo\u010dia na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska (Milan Hanuliak)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Hroby vyh\u013aben\u00e9 v s\u00eddliskov\u00fdch are\u00e1loch po\u010das 9. \u2013 10. stor. predstavuj\u00fa zriedkav\u00fd sp\u00f4sob inhum\u00e1cie. Anal\u00fdzou n\u00e1lezov\u00e9ho materi\u00e1lu sa z\u00edskali ur\u00e8uj\u00face znaky v\u0161etk\u00fdch zlo\u017eiek pohrebn\u00e9ho r\u00edtu. A\u017e doplnen\u00edm o \u010fal\u0161ie pramene historickej povahy bolo mo\u017en\u00e9 stanovi\u0165 d\u00f4vody umiest\u0148ovania hrobov na s\u00eddlisk\u00e1ch. Sledovan\u00e9 pr\u00ed\u00e8iny spo\u00e8\u00edvaj\u00fa vo v\u00fdnimo\u00e8nosti zomrel\u00fdch. T\u00ed sa v tomto postaven\u00ed ocitli najm\u00e4 vtedy, ke\u010f po poru\u0161en\u00ed vtedaj\u0161\u00edch pr\u00e1vnych noriem zomreli a neboli schopn\u00ed od\u010din\u00ed\u0165 d\u00f4sledky svojich pre\u00e8inov. Podradn\u00fd soci\u00e1lny status pr\u00edbuzn\u00e9ho charakteru mohli nadobudn\u00fa\u0165 aj \u010fal\u0161\u00ed jedinci, ktor\u00ed zomreli v\u00fdnimo\u00e8n\u00fdm sp\u00f4sobom alebo za nevyjasnen\u00fdch okolnost\u00ed. Predmetn\u00fd sp\u00f4sob inhum\u00e1cie nie je dokladom kr\u00edzov\u00fdch javov, ale svedectvom o n\u00e1raste pr\u00e1vneho vedomia u pr\u00edslu\u0161n\u00edkov ve\u013ekomaravskej spolo\u010dnosti.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Kostrov\u00e9 hroby v opevnenom priestore velatick\u00e9ho hradiska v Ducovom, okr. Pie\u0161\u0165any (Alexander T. Ruttkay)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Pr\u00edspevok o 14 kostrov\u00fdch hroboch z mlad\u0161ej doby bronzovej v opevnenom priestore hradiska velatickej kult\u00fary v Ducovom, okr. Pie\u0161\u0165any (Slovensko).<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Hroby v s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edm prost\u0159ed\u00ed velkomoravsk\u00e9ho v\u00fd\u0161inn\u00e9ho hradi\u0161t\u011b sv. Hypolita ve Znojm\u011b (Bohuslav F. Kl\u00edma)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nek pov\u0161echn\u011b zpracov\u00e1v\u00e1 n\u00e1lezy ojedin\u011bl\u00fdch i skupinov\u00fdch hrob\u016f, objeven\u00fdch v pr\u016fb\u011bhu dosavadn\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f velkomoravsk\u00e9ho v\u00fd\u0161inn\u00e9ho hradi\u0161t\u011b sv. Hypolita ve Znojm\u011b a stru\u010dn\u011b analyzuje n\u011bkter\u00e9 slo\u017eky materi\u00e1ln\u00ed kultury.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Ohn\u011bm a kyjem (Petra Kaderkov\u00e1, Ji\u0159\u00ed Kala, David Parma)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159i z\u00e1chrann\u00e9m v\u00fdzkumu na okraji Brna byly na s\u00eddli\u0161ti \u00fan\u011btick\u00e9 kultury odkryty celkem \u010dty\u0159i situace s lidsk\u00fdmi poz\u016fstatky. Hrob 800 p\u0159edstavuje klasick\u00fd poh\u0159eb v nepietn\u00ed poloze z z\u00e1sobn\u00ed j\u00e1m\u011b, hrob 801 siln\u011b poru\u0161en\u00fd d\u011btsk\u00fd poh\u0159eb. Poh\u0159eb \u017eeny H 802 byl ulo\u017een v z\u00e1sobn\u00ed j\u00e1m\u011b druhotn\u011b upraven\u00e9 do tvaru hrobu, a to i s osobn\u00edm \u0161perkem a milodary, na skeletu byl zji\u0161t\u011bn doklad smrteln\u00e9ho zran\u011bn\u00ed v podob\u011b fraktury lebky. Hrob 803\/804 p\u0159edstavuje poh\u0159eb oho\u0159el\u00e9ho trupu star\u0161\u00edho mu\u017ee a dokonale sp\u00e1len\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f dosp\u011bl\u00e9 \u017eeny v obvykl\u00e9 hrobov\u00e9 j\u00e1m\u011b bez milodar\u016f, jej\u00ed\u017e interpretace je problematick\u00e1.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Antropologick\u00e1 anal\u00fdza lidsk\u00fdch kostrov\u00fdch poz\u016fstatk\u016f lidu kultury zvoncovit\u00fdch poh\u00e1r\u016f z druh\u00e9 etapy v\u00fdzkumu poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b II v Tun\u011bchodech, okr. Chrudim (Petra Str\u00e1nsk\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00ed etapy n\u011bkolikalet\u00e9ho z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu v Tun\u011bchodech, okr.Chrudim, byly vyzvednuty na poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti II poz\u016fstatky 8 jedinc\u016f vesm\u011bs ve \u0161patn\u00e9m stavu zachovalosti. Soubor zahrnoval 6 nedosp\u011bl\u00fdch a dva dosp\u011bl\u00e9 jedince. Ani v jednom p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b se nepoda\u0159ilo stanovit pohlav\u00ed. Celkov\u011b byly b\u011bhem n\u011bkolika let na poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti II vyzvednuty poz\u016fstatky 14 osob, z \u010deho\u017e bylo 11 nedosp\u011bl\u00fdch mlad\u0161\u00edch 16 let a 3 dosp\u011bl\u00ed. Jednozna\u010dn\u011b se jedn\u00e1 o nereprezentativn\u00ed soubor, kter\u00fd z\u0159ejm\u011b p\u0159edstavuje \u010d\u00e1st strukturovan\u00e9ho are\u00e1lu, kde byli poh\u0159b\u00edv\u00e1ni p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm nedosp\u011bl\u00ed jedinci.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Z\u00e1kladn\u00ed antropologick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed kost\u00ed v objektu v Praze-Ruzyni, ulici Na H\u016frce (Pavel Kub\u00e1lek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1lezem lidsk\u00fdch kost\u00ed nejm\u00e9n\u011b 21 jedinc\u016f v objektu \u010d. 3124, zaznamenan\u00e9m b\u011bhem z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu v Praze 6 - Ruzyni. Objekt byl p\u0159edb\u011b\u017en\u011b datov\u00e1n do obdob\u00ed kultury s vyp\u00edchanou keramikou.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Lidsk\u00e9 kostern\u00ed n\u00e1lezy z Ho\u0159ick\u00e9 ulice v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 (Pavel Kub\u00e1lek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 n\u00e1lezem lidsk\u00fdch ostatk\u016f 5 jedinc\u016f b\u011bhem v\u00fdzkumu v Ho\u0159ick\u00e9 ulici v Hradci Kr\u00e1lov\u00e9 datovan\u00fdch do obdob\u00ed st\u0159edov\u011bku nebo ran\u00e9ho novov\u011bku.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma: Hroby, poh\u0159by a lidsk\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky na prav\u011bk\u00fdch a st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch Co asi znamenaj\u00ed poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch? (Jan Bouzek)\u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 mo\u017enostmi interpretac\u00ed poh\u0159b\u016f na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch v r\u00e1mci paralel v Evrop\u011b, St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed i na P\u0159edn\u00edm V\u00fdchod\u011b. Mezi mo\u017enosti interpretace pat\u0159\u00ed u d\u011btsk\u00fdch poh\u0159b\u00f9 zejm\u00e9na n\u00edzk\u00fd v\u011bk p\u0159ed ofici\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159ijet\u00edm do komunity, u v\u0161ech lidsk\u00e9 ob\u011bti, […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":28937,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-29034","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ziva-archeologie","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nSupplementum 3 - Katedra archeologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=29034\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Supplementum 3 - Katedra archeologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e9ma: Hroby, poh\u0159by a lidsk\u00e9 poz\u016fstatky na prav\u011bk\u00fdch a st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch Co asi znamenaj\u00ed poh\u0159by na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch? (Jan Bouzek)\u010cl\u00e1nek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 mo\u017enostmi interpretac\u00ed poh\u0159b\u016f na s\u00eddli\u0161t\u00edch v r\u00e1mci paralel v Evrop\u011b, St\u0159edomo\u0159\u00ed i na P\u0159edn\u00edm V\u00fdchod\u011b. 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