{"id":28913,"date":"2011-01-01T14:01:28","date_gmt":"2011-01-01T12:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28913"},"modified":"2023-03-02T17:00:24","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T15:00:24","slug":"rocnik-12-2011","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28913","title":{"rendered":"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 12 (2011)"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma: R\u016fzn\u00e9 role kamene v archeologii<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Puakulaba a Julie (Petr Kv\u011btina)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Archeologicky nezachytiteln\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontexty kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f u archaick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm t\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9 je opakovan\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v \u0159ad\u011b prehistorick\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Sekery v podob\u011b hrobov\u00fdch milodar\u016f jsou interpretov\u00e1ny ve smyslu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hierarchie nebo genderov\u00e9 kategorizace. Anal\u00fdza surovin a jejich zdroj\u016f d\u00e1v\u00e1 zase nahl\u00e9dnout do slo\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u0159ediva sm\u011bny a distribuce. N\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed text se tematicky orientuje na trochu odli\u0161n\u00fd spole\u010densk\u00fd jev a pohr\u00e1v\u00e1 si se vztahem kamenn\u00fdch seker a univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed lidsk\u00e9 pot\u0159eby, jakou je l\u00e1ska.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Na rozm\u011brech z\u00e1le\u017e\u00ed (V\u00edt Prousek, Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V roce 1975 pouk\u00e1zal S. Vencl (1975, 56) na rozd\u00edly v d\u00e9lce neolitick\u00fdch brou\u0161en\u00fdch kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f nalezen\u00fdch v kontextech depot\u016f, hrob\u016f a s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165. Mnoh\u00e1 ze s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 severov\u00fdchodn\u00edch a v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech byla ozna\u010dena za s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b s doklady v\u00fdroby brou\u0161en\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f (Vencl 1975, 67) nebo stru\u010dn\u011bji za d\u00edlny (Kalferst 2007). Od t\u00e9 doby n\u00e1lezov\u00fdch kontext\u016f p\u0159ibylo. Nejen v podob\u011b tzv. vlastnick\u00e9ho depotu ze M\u0161ena (Li\u010dka 1981), ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm objevem t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f surovin k v\u00fdrob\u011b uveden\u00fdch neolitick\u00fdch artefakt\u016f (\u0160rein \u2013 \u0160reinov\u00e1 \u2013 \u0160\u0165astn\u00fd \u2013 \u0160\u00edda \u2013 Prost\u0159edn\u00edk 2002, P\u0159ichystal 2002). C\u00edlem t\u00e9to stati je pokusit se o funk\u010dn\u00ed rozt\u0159\u00edd\u011bn\u00ed neolitick\u00e9 kamenn\u00e9 brou\u0161en\u00e9 industrie na z\u00e1klad\u011b metrick\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy cel\u00fdch artefakt\u016f.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek k problematice d\u00edlen a v\u00fdrobn\u00edho \u0159et\u011bzce brou\u0161en\u00e9 industrie (V\u00e1clav Drnovsk\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Jedn\u00edm z opom\u00edjen\u00fdch t\u00e9mat sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed \u010desk\u00e9ho neolitu je studium v\u00fdroby kamenn\u00e9 brou\u0161en\u00e9 industrie. Dosud sch\u00e1z\u00ed detailn\u011bji popsan\u00fd v\u00fdrobn\u00ed \u0159et\u011bzec brou\u0161en\u00e9 industrie, d\u00edky kter\u00e9mu by bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 l\u00e9pe operovat se za\u017eit\u00fdmi a \u010dasto pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi pojmy typu ,,d\u00edlna\u201c, \u010di ,,doklady v\u00fdrobn\u00ed \u010dinnosti\u201c, kter\u00e9 tak nejsou pevn\u011b vymezeny a jejich u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed je z\u00e1visl\u00e9 na p\u0159\u00edstupu jednotliv\u00fdch badatel\u016f.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Vrt\u00e1n\u00ed brou\u0161en\u00fdch seker v neolitu. O \u00faloze zku\u0161enosti a dovednosti (Jan Knotek, Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

A\u010dkoli brou\u0161en\u00ed kamene zn\u00e1me ji\u017e z moravsk\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed lovc\u016f mamut\u016f (gravettienu), k v\u00fdrob\u011b d\u0159evozpracuj\u00edc\u00edch n\u00e1stroj\u016f bylo vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1no a\u017e od po\u010d\u00e1tku neolitu. I kdy\u017e vrt\u00e1n\u00ed kamene je zn\u00e1mo nejm\u00e9n\u011b od mlad\u00e9ho paleolitu, teprve v neolitu nastoupilo pou\u017eit\u00ed dut\u00e9ho vrt\u00e1ku. Pro\u010d, to je jasn\u00e9. Otvor nem\u011bl slou\u017eit k navl\u00e9k\u00e1n\u00ed artefaktu na \u0161\u0148\u016fru, ale k nasazen\u00ed top\u016frka na vrtanou sekeru nebo teslici. Bylo t\u0159eba otvoru daleko v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho ne\u017e kdykoli p\u0159ed t\u00edm. A dut\u00fd vrt\u00e1k \u0161et\u0159il \u010das i energii. Uveden\u00e1 technologie ov\u0161em z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 v podstat\u011b st\u00e1le nezn\u00e1m\u00e1. Pro nedostatek archeologick\u00fdch doklad\u016f. Pro \u010dasovou n\u00e1ro\u010dnost. Pro tvrdost v neolitu pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00e9ho kamene. Pro ztr\u00e1tu na\u0161\u00ed schopnosti \u201ep\u0159em\u00fd\u0161let rukama\u201c. Ale tak\u00e9 pro n\u00e1mi vytvo\u0159en\u00e9 bari\u00e9ry v definici v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho experimentu v porovn\u00e1n\u00ed s pouh\u00fdm z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm pracovn\u00edch zku\u0161enost\u00ed. Po s\u00e9rii n\u00ed\u017ee veden\u00fdch pokus\u016f se n\u00e1m u\u017e slovo \u201ezku\u0161enost\u201c nezd\u00e1 b\u00fdt m\u00e1lo. Sp\u00ed\u0161e naopak.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Kamenn\u00e9 artefakty odjinud (Jaroslav \u0158\u00eddk\u00fd, Erhan Bi\u00e7ak\u00e7i)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Dvoud\u00edln\u00e9 ml\u00fdny, t\u011brky, brousky, otlouka\u010de a cel\u00e1 \u0159ada dal\u0161\u00edch artefakt\u016f spadaj\u00ed do kategorie ostatn\u00ed kamenn\u00e1 industrie. A\u010dkoli n\u011bkter\u00e9 n\u00e1stroje z uveden\u00e9 kategorie doprov\u00e1z\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka u\u017e od star\u0161\u00ed doby kamenn\u00e9, nen\u00ed jim v\u011bnov\u00e1na dostate\u010dn\u00e1 pozornost. \u00da\u010delem t\u00e9to pr\u00e1ce je shrnout mo\u017en\u00e9 p\u0159\u00edstupy ke studiu t\u011bchto artefakt\u016f a upozornit na n\u011bkter\u00e9 zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 n\u00e1lezov\u00e9 situace z prost\u0159ed\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edho Turecka z obdob\u00ed p\u0159elomu neolitu a chalkolitu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Neolitick\u00e9 chr\u00e1my na ostrov\u011b Malta. Kam zmizel k\u00e1men? (Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Chr\u00e1my v souostrov\u00ed Malty pat\u0159\u00ed k nejstar\u0161\u00edm kamenn\u00fdm stavb\u00e1m sv\u011bta. Poprv\u00e9 byly zast\u0159e\u0161eny v dob\u00e1ch jejich v\u00fdstavby ve 4. a 3. tis. BC, podruh\u00e9 v letech 2008\u20132009. Zat\u00edmco druh\u00e9 zakryt\u00ed prob\u011bhlo z d\u016fvodu pam\u00e1tkov\u00e9 ochrany bort\u00edc\u00edch se zbytk\u016f st\u011bn pomoc\u00ed otev\u0159en\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edst\u0159e\u0161k\u016f, p\u016fvodn\u00ed zast\u0159e\u0161en\u00ed z neolitu\/eneolitu nezn\u00e1me.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Jistebsko \u2013 deset let v\u00fdzkumu neolitick\u00fdch t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f v Jizersk\u00fdch hor\u00e1ch (Petr \u0160\u00edda, Jan Prost\u0159edn\u00edk, Britta Ramminger)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159ed deseti lety zapo\u010dal v\u00fdzkum do t\u00e9 doby nezn\u00e1m\u00e9ho fenom\u00e9nu \u010desk\u00e9ho neolitu, t\u011b\u017eebn\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f v podh\u016f\u0159\u00ed Jizersk\u00fdch hor. Hled\u00e1n\u00ed zdroj\u016f suroviny neolitick\u00fdch brou\u0161en\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f trvalo 100 let.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

N\u00e1lezy brou\u0161en\u00e9 industrie ve vy\u0161\u0161\u00edch nadmo\u0159sk\u00fdch v\u00fd\u0161k\u00e1ch a probl\u00e9m jejich interpretace (Martina Pajerov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Z\u00e1kladn\u00edm materi\u00e1lem pro pozn\u00e1n\u00ed zem\u011bd\u011blsk\u00e9ho prav\u011bku je keramika, kterou n\u00e1m ponechali na\u0161i p\u0159edci a kter\u00e1 je p\u0159em\u011bn\u011bna do podoby \u010dasto terci\u00e1ln\u00edho odpadu nal\u00e9zan\u00e9ho v zahlouben\u00fdch objektech. Na keramick\u00e9m odpadu (jak lze tento pramen pozn\u00e1n\u00ed trochu hrub\u011b, ale pravdiv\u011b nazvat), ale tak\u00e9 na uzav\u0159en\u00fdch celc\u00edch (hrobech a depotech), je zalo\u017eena relativn\u00ed chronologie prav\u011bku \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky. N\u011bkter\u00e9 keramick\u00e9 tvary nebo typy v\u00fdzdoby daly jm\u00e9no tak\u00e9 mnoh\u00fdm kultur\u00e1m. Co kdy\u017e ale na n\u011bkter\u00fdch z \u00fazem\u00ed \u010cesk\u00e9 republiky n\u00e1lezy keramiky chyb\u00ed? Znamen\u00e1 to, \u017ee tato m\u00edsta os\u00eddlena nebyla? A co kdy\u017e mezi n\u00e1lezy dominuje nebo se pouze nach\u00e1z\u00ed brou\u0161en\u00e1 industrie?<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Ergonomick\u00e9 tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed kamenn\u00fdch drtidel (Ivan Pavl\u016f)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Detailn\u00ed tvarov\u00e1 \u00faprava horn\u00edch kamen\u016f na dvoud\u00edln\u00fdch drtidlech sv\u011bd\u010d\u00ed o uv\u011bdom\u011bl\u00e9m ergonomick\u00e9m tvarov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1stroj\u016f ji\u017e v neolitu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Kamenn\u00e1 industrie obdob\u00ed eneolitu a jej\u00ed mo\u017en\u00e9 \u0161ir\u0161\u00ed symbolick\u00e9 souvislosti na p\u0159\u00edkladu obj. 214 z Velk\u00fdch P\u0159\u00edlep (Josef Hlo\u017eek, Petr Men\u0161\u00edk)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je zam\u011b\u0159en na ot\u00e1zky symbolizmu v obdob\u00ed eneolitu. Jeho p\u0159\u00edtomnost je diskutov\u00e1na na p\u0159\u00edkladu objektu badensk\u00e9 kultury odkryt\u00e9m na katastru obce Velk\u00e9 P\u0159\u00edlepy, okres Praha-z\u00e1pad. Nalezen\u00e9 \u010depele ze \u010dty\u0159 kamenn\u00fdch srp\u016f, kamenn\u00e1 sekera a osteologick\u00fd materi\u00e1l z dom\u00e1c\u00edch savc\u016f ukazuj\u00ed na tyto aktivity. Se zna\u010dnou m\u00edrou opatrnosti bychom mohli p\u0159edpokl\u00e1dat jejich souvislost obecn\u011b se zem\u011bd\u011blskou \u010dinnost\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Kamenn\u00e9 n\u00e1tepn\u00ed desti\u010dky jako mu\u017esk\u00e9 ozdoby (Jan Turek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Lidsk\u00e1 kultura je hluboce strukturov\u00e1na velk\u00fdm mno\u017estv\u00edm symbol\u016f a ritu\u00e1l\u016f. N\u011bkter\u00e9 artefakty v prav\u011bku nab\u00fdvaly vedle sv\u00e9 praktick\u00e9 funkce tak\u00e9 presti\u017en\u00edho a symbolick\u00e9ho v\u00fdznamu. Bylo tomu tak zvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b v souvislosti s prezentac\u00ed v\u00fdznamn\u00fdch technologick\u00fdch inovac\u00ed a spole\u010densk\u00fdch ritu\u00e1ln\u00edch aktivit v\u010detn\u011b ceremoni\u00e1ln\u00edho v\u00e1le\u010dnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Kam pluj\u00ed bohusl\u00e4nsk\u00e9 lod\u011b? (Jana H\u00e1jkov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Skaln\u00ed um\u011bn\u00ed v severn\u00ed Evrop\u011b a zejm\u00e9na ve \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00e9 provincii Bohusl\u00e4n bylo velmi intenzivn\u00ed spojeno s mo\u0159sk\u00fdm pob\u0159e\u017e\u00edm. To m\u00e1 z archeologick\u00e9ho hlediska v\u00fdznamn\u00fd dopad: historick\u00e9 prom\u011bny \u00farovn\u00ed pob\u0159e\u017en\u00ed \u010d\u00e1ry umo\u017enuj\u00ed nejenom p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b datovat petroglyfy, ale tak\u00e9 vytvo\u0159it si p\u0159edstavu o tom, jak tehdej\u0161\u00ed krajina a fjordy vypadaly.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Kamenn\u00e9 rota\u010dn\u00ed ml\u00fdny a jejich v\u00fdznam v dob\u011b lat\u00e9nsk\u00e9 (Al\u017ebeta Danielisov\u00e1, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Mangel, V\u00e1clav Drnovsk\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V souvislosti s n\u00e1stupem zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed do\u0161lo v neolitu k z\u00e1sadn\u00edm zm\u011bn\u00e1m v oblasti subsisten\u010dn\u00edch strategi\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vy\u017eadovaly zaveden\u00ed nov\u00e9 technologie slou\u017e\u00edc\u00ed k p\u0159em\u011bn\u011b obiln\u00fdch zrn v mouku.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed p\u00e1len\u00ed v\u00e1pna na z\u00e1klad\u011b archeologick\u00fdch doklad\u016f z doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 (Richard Th\u00e9r, David Mar\u0161\u00e1lek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V roce 2006 byly na lokalit\u011b Tun\u011bchody u Chrudimi zkoum\u00e1ny poz\u016fstatky dvou v\u00e1penick\u00fdch pec\u00ed z doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9. N\u00e1lez se stal p\u0159edm\u011btem podrobn\u00e9ho multioborov\u00e9ho studia, jeho\u017e v\u00fdsledkem byly hypot\u00e9zy specifikuj\u00edc\u00ed podobu a zp\u016fsob u\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed pec\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Varia<\/h3>\n<\/div>

S\u01cep\u00e2n\u0163a, vesel\u00fd h\u0159bitov (Jan Turek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V na\u0161\u00ed racion\u00e1ln\u00ed a technick\u00e9 dob\u011b je \u010dasto smrt odosobn\u011bna a poh\u0159eb b\u00fdv\u00e1 zcela ponech\u00e1n v rukou poh\u0159ebn\u00edch instituc\u00ed, kter\u00e9 vykonaj\u00ed v\u011bt\u0161inu nezbytn\u00fdch poh\u0159ebn\u00edch \u00fakon\u016f bez aktivn\u00ed \u00fa\u010dasti poz\u016fstal\u00fdch. Smrt a poh\u0159eb jakoby se nehodily do modern\u00edho zp\u016fsobu \u017eivota. Jsou to ale stejn\u011b p\u0159irozen\u00e9 ud\u00e1losti jako narozen\u00ed a uv\u00edt\u00e1n\u00ed d\u00edt\u011bte do \u017eivota.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma: R\u016fzn\u00e9 role kamene v archeologii Puakulaba a Julie (Petr Kv\u011btina)Archeologicky nezachytiteln\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontexty kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f u archaick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm t\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9 je opakovan\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v \u0159ad\u011b prehistorick\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Sekery v podob\u011b hrobov\u00fdch milodar\u016f jsou interpretov\u00e1ny ve smyslu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hierarchie nebo genderov\u00e9 kategorizace. Anal\u00fdza surovin a jejich zdroj\u016f d\u00e1v\u00e1 zase nahl\u00e9dnout do slo\u017eit\u00e9ho p\u0159ediva […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":28912,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28913","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ziva-archeologie","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nRo\u010dn\u00edk 12 (2011) - Katedra archeologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28913\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 12 (2011) - Katedra archeologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e9ma: R\u016fzn\u00e9 role kamene v archeologii Puakulaba a Julie (Petr Kv\u011btina)Archeologicky nezachytiteln\u00e9 soci\u00e1ln\u00ed kontexty kamenn\u00fdch n\u00e1stroj\u016f u archaick\u00fdch spole\u010dnost\u00ed jsou fascinuj\u00edc\u00edm t\u00e9matem, kter\u00e9 je opakovan\u011b p\u0159\u00edtomn\u00e9 v \u0159ad\u011b prehistorick\u00fdch studi\u00ed. Sekery v podob\u011b hrobov\u00fdch milodar\u016f jsou interpretov\u00e1ny ve smyslu soci\u00e1ln\u00ed hierarchie nebo genderov\u00e9 kategorizace. 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