{"id":28810,"date":"2013-02-01T14:01:28","date_gmt":"2013-02-01T12:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28810"},"modified":"2023-03-02T17:07:16","modified_gmt":"2023-03-02T15:07:16","slug":"rocnik-15-2013","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28810","title":{"rendered":"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 15 (2013)"},"content":{"rendered":"

Zpr\u00e1vy<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Vzpom\u00ednka na Juru Kalfersta (Jan Prost\u0159edn\u00edk, Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze ztr\u00e1t a n\u00e1lez\u016f. Zat\u00edmco n\u00e1lezy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zpravidla p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, ztr\u00e1ty nikoliv. Odejde-li n\u00e1m v\u0161ak n\u011bkdo bl\u00edzk\u00fd \u010di osudov\u00fd, jde o ztr\u00e1tu fat\u00e1ln\u00ed. A to je bohu\u017eel p\u0159\u00edpad odchodu Jury Kalfersta, m\u00e9ho u\u010ditele, kolegy a kamar\u00e1da. Poj\u00ed m\u011b s n\u00edm toti\u017e 26 let m\u00e9ho p\u016fsoben\u00ed v archeologii, tedy od roku 1987, kdy jsem zah\u00e1jil studium oboru na Univerzit\u011b Karlov\u011b.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

T\u00e9ma: II. \u010d\u00e1st: S\u00eddeln\u00ed struktury a architektura<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Metamorf\u00f3zy jednoho s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b: o prom\u011bn\u00e1ch p\u016fdorysu neolitick\u00e9ho domu v Jarom\u011b\u0159i (Pavel Burgert)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Jakkoli jsou z\u00e1kladn\u00ed tendence prom\u011bny p\u016fdorysu mladoneolitick\u00e9ho domu zn\u00e1my ji\u017e p\u0159es p\u016fl stolet\u00ed (Quitta 1958; Soudsk\u00fd 1969), n\u00e1lezov\u00fd fond nar\u016fst\u00e1 ve v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed m\u00ed\u0159e teprve v posledn\u00edch dvou desetilet\u00edch. \u0158ada d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fdch lokalit na sv\u00e9 vyhodnocen\u00ed teprve \u010dek\u00e1, mnoh\u00e9 pozoruhodn\u00e9 poznatky k t\u00e9matu v\u0161ak p\u0159in\u00e1\u0161\u00ed s\u00eddli\u0161t\u011b kultury s vyp\u00edchanou keramikou v Jarom\u011b\u0159i.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Nov\u00e9 doklady staveb star\u0161\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9 ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch (Zuzana Bl\u00e1hov\u00e1 Sklen\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010cechy, jmenovit\u011b jejich n\u00ed\u017ee polo\u017een\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti p\u0159i toc\u00edch \u0159ek, se tradi\u010dn\u011b po\u010d\u00edtaj\u00ed k tzv. star\u00e9 s\u00eddeln\u00ed oblasti. Star\u0161\u00ed doba bronzov\u00e1 (u n\u00e1s p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b 2300\/2200 a\u017e 1650\/1600 p\u0159. n. l.) se zde doned\u00e1vna jevila jako etapa sp\u00ed\u0161e skromn\u011bj\u0161\u00edho os\u00eddlen\u00ed, nov\u011bj\u0161\u00ed v\u00fdzkumy v\u0161ak ukazuj\u00ed, \u017ee to mohl b\u00fdt klamn\u00fd obraz. \u010cl\u00e1nek p\u0159ibli\u017euje vybran\u00e9 lokality a poz\u016fstatky staveb ze sledovan\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed na nich.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

S\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00ed, poh\u0159ebn\u00ed a v\u00fdrobn\u00ed are\u00e1ly v Holubic\u00edch, okr. Praha-z\u00e1pad. Od poh\u0159ebi\u0161t\u011b badensk\u00e9 kultury k v\u00fdrobn\u00edmu are\u00e1lu doby \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 (Josef Hlo\u017eek, Petr Men\u0161\u00edk)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek je zam\u011b\u0159en na ot\u00e1zky vyu\u017eit\u00ed s\u00eddeln\u00edho prostoru v prav\u011bku v m\u00edst\u011b z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu na katastru obce Holubice, okr. Praha-z\u00e1pad. Sledov\u00e1ny jsou jednotliv\u00e9 komponenty na odkryt\u00e9 plo\u0161e a diskutov\u00e1n jejich v\u00fdznam. Od pr\u016fb\u011bhu eneolitu je mo\u017en\u00e9 sledovat vyu\u017eit\u00ed prostoru pro poh\u0159ebn\u00ed aktivity, kter\u00e9 pokra\u010duj\u00ed a\u017e do mlad\u0161\u00ed doby bronzov\u00e9. V dob\u011b \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 v\u0161ak nast\u00e1v\u00e1 v\u00fdrazn\u00fd zlom vyu\u017eit\u00ed t\u00e9to \u010d\u00e1sti kulturn\u00ed krajiny. Dlouhodob\u011b vyu\u017e\u00edvan\u00fd poh\u0159ebn\u00ed are\u00e1l je opu\u0161t\u011bn a n\u00e1sledn\u011b \u010d\u00e1ste\u010dn\u011b p\u0159evrstven s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edmi a v\u00fdrobn\u00edmi aktivitami spojen\u00fdmi s \u017eelez\u00e1\u0159skou v\u00fdrobou.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Lat\u00e9nsk\u00e1 nadzemn\u00ed stavba z Libi\u0161an (okr. Pardubice) a mo\u017enosti jej\u00ed (re)konstrukce (Tom\u00e1\u0161 Mangel, Tom\u00e1\u0161 Zavoral)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V roce 2005 byl v r\u00e1mci z\u00e1chrann\u00e9ho archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu na katastr\u00e1ln\u00edm \u00fazem\u00ed Libi\u0161any (Pardubice), zachycen dob\u0159e zachovan\u00fd p\u016fdorys nadzemn\u00ed stavby sloupov\u00e9 konstrukce datovan\u00fd do z\u00e1v\u011bre\u010dn\u00e9ho \u00faseku doby lat\u00e9nsk\u00e9. P\u016fdorys se \u0159ad\u00ed k jednomu z nejl\u00e9pe dokumentovan\u00fdch relikt\u016f nadzemn\u00edch staveb z uveden\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed, a to nejen ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch, ale t\u00e9\u017e v r\u00e1mci cel\u00e9ho \u010desk\u00e9ho \u00fazem\u00ed. A pr\u00e1v\u011b v\u00fdjime\u010dn\u00fd stav dochov\u00e1n\u00ed byl jednou z podm\u00ednek stoj\u00edc\u00edch v pozad\u00ed n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edch \u00favah o podob\u011b p\u016fvodn\u00ed stavebn\u00ed struktury.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Geoarcheologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 kov\u00e1rny z Mod\u0159ic u Brna (V\u00edt Beran, M\u00e1ria Hajnalov\u00e1, Petr Kos, Lenka Lis\u00e1, David Parma)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eeleza p\u0159edstavovalo v ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku zdroj z\u00e1kladn\u00edho sortimentu n\u00e1stroj\u016f pro zem\u011bd\u011blskou v\u00fdrobu, a tedy d\u016fle\u017eit\u00fd prvek nutn\u00fd pro p\u0159e\u017eit\u00ed vesnick\u00fdch komunit. P\u0159esto jsou dosud poznatky o podob\u011b a organizaci v\u00fdroby zna\u010dn\u011b \u00fatr\u017ekovit\u00e9, \u010dasto se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na centr\u00e1ln\u00ed aglomerace kolem hradi\u0161\u0165. Objekt z Mod\u0159ic, r\u00e1mcov\u011b datovan\u00fd do 11. stolet\u00ed, p\u0159edstavuje zaj\u00edmav\u00fd p\u0159\u00edklad vesnick\u00e9 kov\u00e1rny. P\u0159esto\u017ee v\u00fdpl\u0148 objektu nezahrnovala kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 v\u00fdrobky, odpad, kter\u00fd se zde nalezl, dokl\u00e1d\u00e1 samotnou kov\u00e1\u0159skou v\u00fdrobu a d\u00edky v\u00fdskytu globul\u00e1rn\u00edch okuj\u00ed spolehliv\u011b i kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 sva\u0159ov\u00e1n\u00ed. Konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed podoba kov\u00e1rny je vzhledem ke zp\u016fsobu z\u00e1niku jen obt\u00ed\u017en\u00ed rekonstruovateln\u00e1, p\u0159esto lze na z\u00e1klad\u011b informac\u00ed z\u00edskan\u00fdch metodou mikromorfologie z podlahov\u00fdch horizont\u016f spolehliv\u011b dolo\u017eit funkci a z\u00edskat zaj\u00edmav\u00e9 informace o \u00faprav\u00e1ch interi\u00e9ru.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Etnoarcheologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum tradi\u010dn\u00ed architektury ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edm Rumunsku (Petr Netolick\u00fd, Pavel Va\u0159eka)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Rumunsko, p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm jeho v\u00fdchodn\u00ed \u010d\u00e1st, poskytuje doposud zna\u010dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f zachovan\u00e9 lidov\u00e9 architektury s velmi archaick\u00fdmi konstruk\u010dn\u00edmi znaky. P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek prezentuje etnoarcheologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum zam\u011b\u0159en\u00fd na stavby nosn\u00e9 sloupov\u00e9 konstrukce a stavby zahlouben\u00e9 a na jejich z\u00e1nikov\u00e9 transformace. V\u00fdsledky lze vyu\u017e\u00edt pro interpretaci archeologick\u00fdch pramen\u016f \u2013 relikt\u016f zanikl\u00fdch staveb z obdob\u00ed prav\u011bku a st\u0159edov\u011bku a jejich rekonstrukce.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

St\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e1 st\u00e1j ve sv\u011btle modern\u00edch environment\u00e1ln\u00edch metod (Ale\u0161 Bajer, Miroslav Dejmal, Lenka Lis\u00e1, Petr Ko\u010d\u00e1r, Romana Ko\u010d\u00e1rov\u00e1, Miriam N\u00fdvltov\u00e1 Fi\u0161\u00e1kov\u00e1, Libor Petr)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V letech 2010 a\u017e 2011 prob\u011bhl v prostoru z\u00e1mku Vesel\u00ed nad Moravou z\u00e1chrann\u00fd archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum, p\u0159i kter\u00e9m bylo odkryto rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 d\u0159ev\u011bn\u00e9 p\u0159edhrad\u00ed, velmi dob\u0159e dochovan\u00e9 v aluvi\u00e1ln\u00edch sedimentech \u0159eky Moravy. Jedn\u00edm z dob\u0159e interpretovateln\u00fdch objekt\u016f byla i st\u00e1j, jej\u00ed\u017e st\u00e1\u0159\u00ed bylo ur\u010deno na konec 13. a za\u010d\u00e1tek 14. stolet\u00ed. Samotn\u00fd objekt st\u00e1je m\u00e1 krom\u011b rozli\u0161iteln\u00fdch stavebn\u00edch f\u00e1z\u00ed velmi dob\u0159e zachovanou podlahovou strukturu. D\u00edky komplexn\u00edmu metodick\u00e9mu studiu a p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm kombinaci klasick\u00e9 faci\u00e1ln\u00ed anal\u00fdzy,1 mikromorfologie a archeobotaniky bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 interpretovat jak zp\u016fsoby \u00fapravy podlahov\u00e9 \u010d\u00e1sti st\u00e1je, tak z\u00e1rove\u0148 mnoh\u00e9 detaily chovu kon\u00ed ve vrcholn\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku na Morav\u011b (typ podest\u00fdlky \u010di krmiva). D\u00edky perfektn\u00edmu zachov\u00e1n\u00ed ko\u0148sk\u00fdch \u017e\u00edn\u00ed v podest\u00fdlce st\u00e1je bylo mo\u017en\u00e9 charakterizovat v\u00fd\u017eivu kon\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 i slo\u017een\u00ed skupiny kon\u00ed, kter\u00e1 byla v t\u00e9to prosto\u0159e ust\u00e1jena.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Po\u010d\u00e1tky rekonstruk\u010dn\u00edho zobrazen\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00fdch a ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch objekt\u016f v \u010desk\u00e9 literatu\u0159e (do poloviny 20. stolet\u00ed) (Milan Slez\u00e1k)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V ilustrac\u00edch odborn\u00e9 literatury i beletrie lze sledovat v\u00fdvoj pohled\u016f na \u017eivot v prav\u011bku \u010di ran\u00e9m st\u0159edov\u011bku. K nejproblemati\u010dt\u011bj\u0161\u00edm (proto\u017ee komplexn\u00edm a v n\u00e1lezov\u00e9 situaci de facto nep\u0159\u00edtomn\u00fdm) prvk\u016fm, kter\u00e9 je mo\u017eno na obr\u00e1zc\u00edch hodnotit, pat\u0159\u00ed architektura. \u010cl\u00e1nek upozor\u0148uje na n\u011bkter\u00e9 tendence a v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 jm\u00e9na v problematice zobrazov\u00e1n\u00ed staveb.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Varia<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Zamy\u0161len\u00ed nad tkalcovsk\u00fdm stavem (Robert Trnka, Petra P\u0159emyslovsk\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Od roku 2011 usiluje sdru\u017een\u00ed O\u017eiven\u00e1 (pre)historie o obnovu a o\u017eiven\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00e9 osady v prostor\u00e1ch Zoologick\u00e9 a botanick\u00e9 zahrady m\u011bsta Plzn\u011b. V r\u00e1mci pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed dobov\u00fdch v\u00fdrobn\u00edch technologi\u00ed bylo mimo jin\u00e9 postupn\u011b vyrobeno a odzkou\u0161eno \u0161est tkalcovsk\u00fdch stav\u016f. Jejich podoba, rekonstruovan\u00e1 na z\u00e1klad\u011b dostupn\u00fdch pramen\u016f v n\u011bkolika variant\u00e1ch, byla konfrontov\u00e1na s mo\u017enostmi praktick\u00e9ho vyu\u017eit\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Recenze<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Juraj Zajonc: Premeny vl\u00e1kna (Helena B\u0159ezinov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Publikace Premeny vl\u00e1kna je d\u00edlem p\u0159edn\u00edho slovensk\u00e9ho etnologa Juraje Zajonce, kter\u00fd p\u016fsob\u00ed jako v\u011bdeck\u00fd pracovn\u00edk \u00dastavu etnol\u00f3gie SAV v Bratislav\u011b. Jeho specializac\u00ed je studium textiln\u00ed kultury na \u00fazem\u00ed Slovenska se zam\u011b\u0159en\u00edm na jej\u00ed technologick\u00fd a kulturn\u011bhistorick\u00fd v\u00fdvoj, pozn\u00e1n\u00ed jednotliv\u00fdch textiln\u00edch technik a zp\u016fsoby jejich vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed. Poznatky a praktick\u00e9 zku\u0161enosti, kter\u00e9 z\u00edsk\u00e1v\u00e1 jako etnolog, uplat\u0148uje i ve spolupr\u00e1ci s odborn\u00edky na archeologii a restaurov\u00e1n\u00ed textilu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Jean Clottes: Pourquoi l\u2018art pr\u00e9historique? (Hana Dohn\u00e1lkov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Francouzsk\u00fd archeolog Jean Clottes (* 1933) se celo\u017eivotn\u011b v\u011bnuje studiu paleolitick\u00e9ho skaln\u00edho um\u011bn\u00ed. S\u00e1m \u0159\u00eddil nebo se pod\u00edlel na veden\u00ed archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu v jeskyn\u00edch Cosquer, Niaux, R\u00e9seau Clastres, Placard a Chauvet. Jeho n\u00e1zory na v\u00fdznam prav\u011bk\u00fdch obraz\u016f v jeskyn\u00edch a pod p\u0159evisy se mezi sv\u011btov\u00fdmi odborn\u00edky setk\u00e1vaj\u00ed s respektem, stejn\u011b jako tvrdou kritikou.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Zpr\u00e1vy Vzpom\u00ednka na Juru Kalfersta (Jan Prost\u0159edn\u00edk, Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd)Lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze ztr\u00e1t a n\u00e1lez\u016f. Zat\u00edmco n\u00e1lezy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zpravidla p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, ztr\u00e1ty nikoliv. Odejde-li n\u00e1m v\u0161ak n\u011bkdo bl\u00edzk\u00fd \u010di osudov\u00fd, jde o ztr\u00e1tu fat\u00e1ln\u00ed. A to je bohu\u017eel p\u0159\u00edpad odchodu Jury Kalfersta, m\u00e9ho u\u010ditele, kolegy a kamar\u00e1da. Poj\u00ed m\u011b s n\u00edm toti\u017e 26 let m\u00e9ho […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":28812,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28810","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ziva-archeologie","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nRo\u010dn\u00edk 15 (2013) - Katedra archeologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28810\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 15 (2013) - Katedra archeologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"Zpr\u00e1vy Vzpom\u00ednka na Juru Kalfersta (Jan Prost\u0159edn\u00edk, Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd)Lidsk\u00fd \u017eivot se skl\u00e1d\u00e1 ze ztr\u00e1t a n\u00e1lez\u016f. Zat\u00edmco n\u00e1lezy b\u00fdvaj\u00ed zpravidla p\u0159\u00edjemn\u00e9, ztr\u00e1ty nikoliv. Odejde-li n\u00e1m v\u0161ak n\u011bkdo bl\u00edzk\u00fd \u010di osudov\u00fd, jde o ztr\u00e1tu fat\u00e1ln\u00ed. A to je bohu\u017eel p\u0159\u00edpad odchodu Jury Kalfersta, m\u00e9ho u\u010ditele, kolegy a kamar\u00e1da. 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