{"id":28748,"date":"2010-02-01T14:01:28","date_gmt":"2010-02-01T12:01:28","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28748"},"modified":"2025-12-02T17:44:59","modified_gmt":"2025-12-02T15:44:59","slug":"rocnik-11-2010","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28748","title":{"rendered":"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 11 (2010)"},"content":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma: Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav v Praze<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav v Praze (Lubo\u0161 Jir\u00e1\u0148, Martin Kuna)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Pra\u017esk\u00fd Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav pat\u0159il v roce 1953 k zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm instituc\u00edm tehdy vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010cSAV. Jeho historie je v\u0161ak mnohem star\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159edch\u016fdcem sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu byl St\u00e1tn\u00ed archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav zalo\u017een\u00fd v roce 1919 - pr\u00e1v\u011b z jeho d\u011bdictv\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 \u00fakoly dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 instituce. Lo\u0148sk\u00e9mu v\u00fdro\u010d\u00ed 90 let existence \u00fastavu je v\u011bnov\u00e1n n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek, jeho sou\u010dasn\u00e9 odborn\u00e9 aktivity ilustruj\u00ed dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvky tohoto \u010d\u00edsla \u010dasopisu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Po\u010d\u00e1tky lidsk\u00e9 kultury v \u010cech\u00e1ch (Ivana Fridrichov\u00e1-S\u00fdkorov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159es zako\u0159en\u011bnou nev\u00edru v existenci paleolitu na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed se postupn\u011b hranice pozn\u00e1n\u00ed o tomto obdob\u00ed posouvaly a\u017e k sou\u010dasn\u00e9mu stavu, kter\u00fd si nezad\u00e1 s evropskou \u00farovn\u00ed v\u00fdzkumu nejstar\u0161\u00edch d\u011bjin lidstva. Kl\u00ed\u010dovou \u00falohu v tomto procesu sehr\u00e1l Jan Fridrich (1938-2007), zakladatel modern\u011b pojat\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu paleolitu v \u010cech\u00e1ch. P\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm na jeho odkaz navazuje n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dl\u00e1nek, kter\u00fd se sna\u017e\u00ed shrnout dosavadn\u00ed sumu v\u011bd\u011bn\u00ed o nejstar\u0161\u00edm \u00faseku lidsk\u00fdch d\u011bjin na na\u0161em \u00fazem\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Archeogenetika - mitochondri\u00e1ln\u00ed DNA a migrace Homo sapiens (Viktor \u010cern\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\"...from a genomic perspective, we are all Africans, either living in Africa or in quite recent exile outside Africa\"<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Klima v holocenu a mo\u017enosti jeho pozn\u00e1n\u00ed (Dagmar Dreslerov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Klima je nejd\u016fle\u017eit\u011bj\u0161\u00edm faktorem ovliv\u0148uj\u00edc\u00edm charakter a zm\u011bny p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edho prost\u0159ed\u00ed; pozn\u00e1n\u00ed jeho pr\u016fb\u011bhu v minulosti hraje proto d\u016fle\u017eitou roli p\u0159i rekonstrukci v\u00fdvoje lidsk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. Studiu minul\u00e9ho klimatu se v\u011bnuje mnoho v\u011bdn\u00edch obor\u016f, av\u0161ak jejich v\u00fdsledky jsou p\u0159es obrovsk\u00e9 vynalo\u017een\u00e9 \u00fasil\u00ed st\u00e1le sp\u00ed\u0161e neuspokojiv\u00e9. Hlavn\u00edmi p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinami tohoto stavu jsou slo\u017eitost klimatick\u00e9ho syst\u00e9mu jako takov\u00e9ho, kr\u00e1tk\u00e1 historie p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch m\u011b\u0159en\u00ed po\u010das\u00ed, nejednozna\u010dn\u00fd v\u00fdklad a \u010dasov\u00fd dosah psan\u00fdch pramen\u016f, regionalita klimatu, r\u016fzn\u00e1 a \u010dasto protich\u016fdn\u011b vypov\u00eddaj\u00edc\u00ed schopnost tzv. proxy dat (tj. \u00fadaj\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u011bjak\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem nep\u0159\u00edmo dor\u00e1\u017eej\u00ed minul\u00e9 teploty a sr\u00e1\u017eky) a pot\u00ed\u017ee s jejich p\u0159esn\u011bj\u0161\u00edm datov\u00e1n\u00edm.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Prom\u011bny prav\u011bk\u00e9 krajiny (Petr Limbursk\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

V souvislosti s t\u011b\u017ebou p\u00edsku byl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu posledn\u00edch deseti let systematicky sledov\u00e1n v\u00fdrazn\u00fd mnohahektarov\u00fd krajinn\u00fd transekt u obce Vl\u00edn\u011bves, okr. M\u011bln\u00edk. Bylo zde dokumentov\u00e1no prav\u011bk\u00e9 os\u00eddlen\u00ed \u010dasov\u011b spadaj\u00edc\u00ed od obdob\u00ed po\u010d\u00e1tku eneolitu po dobu st\u011bhov\u00e1n\u00ed n\u00e1rod\u016f. Diskuse um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed poh\u0159ebn\u00edch a s\u00eddeln\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f ukazuje, \u017ee pro um\u00edst\u011bn\u00ed poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 byl ur\u010duj\u00edc\u00ed p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm pohledov\u00fd horizont ve vztahu k s\u00eddeln\u00edmu are\u00e1lu. Poloha poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 t\u00e9\u017e m\u016f\u017ee indikovat charakter krajiny.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Ne\u010dekan\u00e9 mo\u017enosti pylov\u00e9 anal\u00fdzy ve vztahu k archeologii (Petr Pokorn\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Bezm\u00e1la p\u0159ed sto lety se zrodila p\u0159evratn\u00e1 metoda umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed systematick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum d\u011bjin vegetace - pylov\u00e1 anal\u00fdza. Bylo to v roce 1916, kdy \u0161v\u00e9dsk\u00fd p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdec Ernst Jakob Lennart von Post (1884-1951) publikoval prvn\u00ed pylov\u00fd diagram.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Soci\u00e1ln\u00ed a symbolick\u00fd v\u00fdznam neolitick\u00fdch dom\u016f (Mark\u00e9ta Kon\u0161elov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

D\u016fm jako objekt trval\u00e9ho a dlouhodob\u00e9ho charakteru se objevuje v neolitu v souvislosti se zm\u011bnou \u017eivotn\u00edho stylu populac\u00ed spojen\u00fdch s po\u010d\u00e1tky zem\u011bd\u011blstv\u00ed. Nejen tato zm\u011bna v subsisten\u010dn\u00ed strategii je d\u016fsledkem p\u0159em\u011bn i v oblasti s\u00eddlen\u00ed, s\u00eddeln\u00edch struktur a vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny. Z p\u0159edchoz\u00edho obdob\u00ed zn\u00e1me sice ne p\u0159\u00edli\u0161 \u010detn\u00e9 doklady s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 a t\u00e1bo\u0159i\u0161\u0165, jejich charakter je ale sp\u00ed\u0161e sez\u00f3nn\u00ed a z\u0159ejm\u011b i \u010dist\u011b utilit\u00e1rn\u00ed. O domu ve smyslu vymezen\u00ed symbolick\u00e9ho a sakr\u00e1ln\u00edho prostoru lze tedy hovo\u0159it a\u017e s po\u010d\u00e1tky neolitu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Lov v eneolitu (Ren\u00e9 Kysel\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Dosavadn\u00ed znalosti o chovu a lovu zv\u00ed\u0159at v lengyelsk\u00e9m obdob\u00ed a eneolitu (tj. obdob\u00ed v rozmez\u00ed max. 4700 BC a\u017e 2200 BC) vych\u00e1zely \u010dasto, podobn\u011b jako v jin\u00fdch f\u00e1z\u00edch prav\u011bku v \u010cR, z v\u00fdpov\u011bdi izolovan\u00fdch rozbor\u016f osteologick\u00fdch soubor\u016f, z logick\u00fdch p\u0159edpoklad\u016f a p\u0159eb\u00edr\u00e1n\u00ed poznatk\u016f z okoln\u00edch st\u00e1t\u016f.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Keramick\u00fd depot z Ti\u0161ic a ot\u00e1zka pic\u00edch ritu\u00e1l\u016f v eneolitu (Radek Nov\u00e1k, Patrick Foster)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Katastr Ti\u0161ic se vyzna\u010duje vysokou koncentrac\u00ed prav\u011bk\u00fdch a ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f, objevovan\u00fdch u\u017e od p\u0159edv\u00e1le\u010dn\u00e9ho obdob\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edzniv\u00e1 poloha v \u00fadol\u00ed st\u0159edn\u00edho Labe, sousedstv\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u00e9ho vodn\u00edho toku i z\u00e1\u0161tita prot\u00e1hl\u00e9ho Turbovick\u00e9ho h\u0159betu byly patrn\u011b p\u0159\u00ed\u010dinou tak\u0159ka nep\u0159etr\u017eit\u00e9ho os\u00eddlen\u00ed lokality, a to minim\u00e1ln\u011b od neolitu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Komplexn\u00ed v\u00fdzkum prav\u011bk\u00e9ho hradi\u0161t\u011b na stolov\u00e9 ho\u0159e Vlada\u0159 (Miloslav Chytr\u00e1\u010dek, Al\u017eb\u011bta Danielisov\u00e1, Petr Pokorn\u00fd, Ladislav \u0160mejda)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Stolov\u00e1 hora Vlada\u0159 (693 m n. m.) je dominantou \u017dlutick\u00e9 vrchoviny v z\u00e1padn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch (obr. 1). Ji\u017e V\u00e1clav H\u00e1jek z Libo\u010dan zmi\u0148uje ve sv\u00e9 kronice rozs\u00e1hl\u00e9 opevn\u011bn\u00ed, kter\u00e9 Vlada\u0159 obklopuje. Ve druh\u00e9 polovin\u011b 19. stolet\u00ed byla lokalita za\u0159azena mezi v\u00fdznamn\u00e1 prav\u011bk\u00e1 hradi\u0161t\u011b. P\u0159esto dlouho unikala bli\u017e\u0161\u00ed pozornosti archeolog\u016f a ned\u011blala se zde \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e1 systematick\u00e1 dokumentace. Hradi\u0161t\u011b zato bylo opakovan\u011b po\u0161kozov\u00e1no neleg\u00e1ln\u00edmi u\u017eivateli detektor\u016f kov\u016f. Nov\u00e1 etapa pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed Vlada\u0159e nastala a\u017e v roce 2002.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Depoty kovov\u00fdch artefakt\u016f doby bronzov\u00e9 v \u010cech\u00e1ch (Lubo\u0161 Jir\u00e1\u0148)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Soubory artefakt\u016f, o nich\u017e p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1me, \u017ee byly z\u00e1m\u011brn\u011b ulo\u017eeny ve stejn\u00fd okam\u017eik na jedno m\u00edsto, naz\u00fdv\u00e1me depoty. Vyskytuj\u00ed se ve v\u0161ech prav\u011bk\u00fdch obdob\u00edch, nicm\u00e9n\u011b doba bronzov\u00e1 je v\u00fdvojovou etapou, kdy byl tento fenom\u00e9n roz\u0161\u00ed\u0159en nejv\u00edce, a to zejm\u00e9na v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b soubor\u016f artefakt\u016f kovov\u00fdch.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Modelov\u00e1n\u00ed hospod\u00e1\u0159sk\u00e9 krajiny mlad\u0161\u00edho prav\u011bku (Dagmar Dreslerov\u00e1, Natalie Venclov\u00e1, Al\u017eb\u011bta Danielisov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

S v\u00fdvojem b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed v archeologii se st\u00e1le v\u00edce projevuje pot\u0159eba zkoumat nejen samotn\u00e9 archeologick\u00e9 lokality, ale tak\u00e9 prost\u0159ed\u00ed, v n\u011bm\u017e se lidsk\u00e1 s\u00eddla a lidsk\u00e1 kultura obecn\u011b vyv\u00edjely. Kulturn\u00ed krajina je lidsk\u00fd artefakt a z\u00e1rove\u0148 prostor, formuj\u00edc\u00ed \u010dlov\u011bka a usm\u011br\u0148uj\u00edc\u00ed jeho aktivity. Stejnou m\u011brou, jakou lid m\u011bnili p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed, nutilo je prost\u0159ed\u00ed m\u011bnit strategie chov\u00e1n\u00ed i ob\u017eivy. Nev\u00edme-li, jak vypadala prav\u011bk\u00e1 kulturn\u00ed krajina a jak\u00e9 byly lidsk\u00e9 z\u00e1sahy, kter\u00e9 ji vytv\u00e1\u0159ely a udr\u017eovaly, sotva m\u016f\u017eeme n\u011bco soudit o lidech v n\u00ed (S\u00e1dlo a kol. 2005, 15).<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Putov\u00e1n\u00ed hlavy Publia Quinctilia Vara z Teutobursk\u00e9ho lesa do \u0158\u00edma (Vladim\u00edr Sala\u010d)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Po v\u00edt\u011bzn\u00e9 bitv\u011b v Teutobursk\u00e9m lese v roce 9, v n\u00ed\u017e porazil t\u0159i \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9 legie, na\u0159\u00eddil cherusk\u00fd kn\u00ed\u017ee Arminius utnout \u0159\u00edmsk\u00e9mu vojev\u016fdci Varovi hlavu a tuto nejcenn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed trofej zaslat markomansk\u00e9mu kr\u00e1li Marobudovi do Boiohaema. Ten v\u0161ak dar nep\u0159ijal a hlavu pora\u017een\u00e9ho leg\u00e1ta zaslal do \u0158\u00edma c\u00edsa\u0159i Augustovi k d\u016fstojn\u00e9mu pochov\u00e1n\u00ed (nap\u0159. Velleius Paterculus II, 119, 5).<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed zhotoven\u00ed textilie v tkalcovsk\u00e9 vazb\u011b diamantov\u00fd kepr (Helena B\u0159ezinov\u00e1, Krist\u00fdna Urbanov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Experimentov\u00e1n\u00ed s nejr\u016fzn\u011bj\u0161\u00edmi textiln\u00edmi technikami je velmi \u010dastou n\u00e1pln\u00ed \u010dinnosti st\u0159edisek experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed archeologie, kde m\u00e1 obvykle didaktick\u00e9 vyu\u017eit\u00ed. Velmi \u00fazce je v\u0161ak sv\u00e1z\u00e1no s b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00edm o historick\u00e9m v\u00fdvoji textiln\u00ed produkce a s pr\u016fzkumem dochovan\u00fdch textiln\u00edch archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f, proto\u017ee dobr\u00e1 znalost dobov\u00fdch textiln\u00edch technik a vlastn\u00ed praktick\u00e1 zku\u0161enost s nimi je pro pochopen\u00ed princip\u016f a fyzick\u00e9 i \u010dasov\u00e9 n\u00e1ro\u010dnosti jednotliv\u00fdch etap textiln\u00ed v\u00fdroby nepostradateln\u00e1. Proto jsme se rozhodly v praxi vyzkou\u0161et zhotoven\u00ed tkaniny s velmi slo\u017eitou tkalcovskou vazbou, jej\u00ed\u017e doklady jsou v evropsk\u00fdch prav\u011bk\u00fdch n\u00e1lezech celkem hojn\u00e9 a jej\u00ed\u017e pochopen\u00ed m\u016f\u017ee pomoci k pozn\u00e1n\u00ed \u00farovn\u011b a vysp\u011blosti tehdej\u0161\u00edho textilnictv\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Kult\u00farna vrstva (\u013dubom\u00edr Andr\u00edsek, Michal Ern\u00e9e)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Pod\u013ea T. S. Kuhna (1992) jestvuje v ka\u017edom vednom obore s\u00fahrn ist\u00fdch z\u00e1kladn\u00fdch domnienok, predpokladov a predst\u00e1v ur\u010ditej skupiny vedcov, ktor\u00e9 sa naz\u00fdvaj\u00fa paradigmy. Na tieto paradigmy sa via\u017eu metodick\u00e9 pravidl\u00e1 rie\u0161enia, intuit\u00edvne postoje a hodnotenia probl\u00e9mov. Premena alebo zmena vedeck\u00e9ho paradigmatu prebieha zvratmi, ktor\u00e9 T. S. Kuhn pomenoval ako vedeck\u00e9 revol\u00facie. K zvratom doch\u00e1dza po ur\u010ditej dobe tak, \u017ee sa dovtedaj\u0161ie paradigma \"vy\u010derp\u00e1\" a nastane obdobie, ke\u010f u\u017e nevyhovuje pri rie\u0161en\u00ed niektor\u00fdch ot\u00e1zok vo vede - tieto nevyhovuj\u00face odpovede T. S. Kuhn ozna\u010duje ako anom\u00e1lie. Pokia\u013e sa nahromad\u00ed mnoho anom\u00e1li\u00ed, doch\u00e1dza k h\u013eadaniu nov\u00e9ho paradigmatu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Z\u00e1nik ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch dom\u016f v Roztok\u00e1ch (Martin Kuna, Lenka Lis\u00e1, Jan Nov\u00e1k)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Sou\u010dasn\u00e1 archeologie se \u010dasto zab\u00fdv\u00e1 ot\u00e1zkami z\u00e1niku s\u00eddli\u0161tn\u00edch objekt\u016f, resp. jejich prom\u011bny v archeologick\u00fd pramen. Vyu\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 k tomu jak vlastn\u00ed ter\u00e9nn\u00ed pozorov\u00e1n\u00ed a analytick\u00e9 postupy, tak metody p\u0159\u00edrodov\u011bdn\u00fdch obor\u016f.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho hradi\u0161t\u011b a GIS (Jan Ma\u0159\u00edk)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Geografick\u00e9 informa\u010dn\u00ed syst\u00e9my (GIS) nab\u00edzej\u00ed \u0159adu mo\u017enost\u00ed vyu\u017eit\u00ed p\u0159i zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed dlouholet\u00fdch archeologick\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f. Jejich potenci\u00e1l lze ilustrovat na v\u00fdzkumu ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9ho hradi\u0161t\u011b v Libici nad Cidlinou. Z\u00e1kladem informa\u010dn\u00edho syst\u00e9mu je eviden\u010dn\u00ed datab\u00e1ze Archeologick\u00e1 mapa Libice, kter\u00e1 zahrnuje jak prostorov\u00e1, tak i negrafick\u00e1 data. GIS umo\u017e\u0148uj\u00ed analytick\u00e9 zpracov\u00e1n\u00ed archeologick\u00fdch dat, vyhodnocen\u00ed nedestruktivn\u00edho archeologick\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu a \u0159e\u0161en\u00ed n\u00e1sledn\u00fdch ot\u00e1zek, jako je nap\u0159. vliv obyvatel s\u00eddeln\u00ed aglomerace na \u017eivotn\u00ed prost\u0159ed\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Problematika demografie a hodnocen\u00ed zdravotn\u00edho stavu st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch populac\u00ed (Jakub Likovsk\u00fd, Petra Str\u00e1nsk\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Posledn\u00ed desetilet\u00ed p\u0159ineslo nov\u00fd pohled na mo\u017enosti antropologie kostry a perspektivy studia minul\u00fdch populac\u00ed. Nov\u00e9 metody a p\u0159\u00edstupy ovlivnily v archeologii zejm\u00e9na anal\u00fdzu poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165. T\u00fdk\u00e1 se to nejen poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 prav\u011bk\u00fdch s obvykle men\u0161\u00edm po\u010dtem jedinc\u016f a hor\u0161\u00ed zachovalost\u00ed a kompletnost\u00ed kostern\u00edch n\u00e1lez\u016f, ale p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 ran\u011b st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00fdch a\u017e novov\u011bk\u00fdch, kde se setk\u00e1v\u00e1me s poh\u0159by v\u011bt\u0161\u00edho po\u010dtu jedinc\u016f. \u0158ada ot\u00e1zek je nav\u00edc \u0159e\u0161ena i s ohledem na \u017eij\u00edc\u00ed populace. Od pades\u00e1t\u00fdch let minul\u00e9ho stolet\u00ed dodnes zkoumal Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav v Praze celou \u0159adu rozs\u00e1hl\u00fdch poh\u0159ebi\u0161\u0165 z obdob\u00ed ran\u00e9ho a vrcholn\u00e9ho st\u0159edov\u011bku, a to nap\u0159. na lokalit\u00e1ch Bude\u010d, Lahovice, O\u0161kobrh, Pra\u017esk\u00fd hrad, Radomy\u0161l a \u017datec.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Archeologie (nejen) st\u0159edov\u011bk\u00e9 krajiny, aneb o Bezd\u011bzsk\u00e9m lese (Petr Meduna, Jan Nov\u00e1k, Ji\u0159\u00ed S\u00e1dlo)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Archeologie v neju\u017e\u0161\u00edm slova smyslu nem\u016f\u017ee nab\u00eddnout ucelen\u00fd pohled na prav\u011bkou, st\u0159edov\u011bkou \u010di novov\u011bkou, tedy \"starou\", \"archaickou\" \u010di \"historickou\" krajinu. To nen\u00ed pora\u017eenectv\u00ed; nedok\u00e1\u017ee to \u017e\u00e1dn\u00fd jednotliv\u00fd obor a nap\u0159. ani krajinn\u00e1 ekologie dnes vcelku nem\u00e1 ambice na nadvl\u00e1du v pozn\u00e1n\u00ed a vysv\u011btlov\u00e1n\u00ed krajiny.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

P\u016fdn\u00ed a geologick\u00e9 podm\u00ednky p\u0159i leteck\u00e9m a geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edm pr\u016fzkumu (Roman K\u0159iv\u00e1nek, Martin Gojda)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Leteck\u00e1 a geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00ed prospekce dlouhodob\u011b pat\u0159\u00ed mezi st\u011b\u017eejn\u00ed metody archeologick\u00e9ho pr\u016fzkumu. P\u0159i leteck\u00e9 archeologii jsou nej\u010dast\u011bji dokumentov\u00e1ny podpovrchov\u00e9 relikty situac\u00ed, kter\u00e9 se projevuj\u00ed porostov\u00fdmi, p\u016fdn\u00edmi, p\u0159\u00edp. st\u00ednov\u00fdmi a sn\u011bhov\u00fdmi p\u0159\u00edznaky. \u00dasp\u011b\u0161nost jejich identifikace z\u00e1vis\u00ed na volb\u011b obdob\u00ed roku, charakteru vegeta\u010dn\u00edho pokryvu a zp\u016fsobu vyu\u017eit\u00ed krajiny. Pomoc\u00ed geofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edch metod m\u016f\u017eeme zachytit situace, kter\u00e9 se projevuj\u00ed odli\u0161n\u00fdmi fyzik\u00e1ln\u00edmi vlastnostmi oproti okoln\u00edmu prost\u0159ed\u00ed. V\u00fdsledky archeogeofyzik\u00e1ln\u00edho pr\u016fzkumu obecn\u011b souvisej\u00ed se zachovalost\u00ed archeologick\u00fdch situac\u00ed in situ, aktu\u00e1ln\u00edm stavem krajiny a charakterem ter\u00e9nu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Kostel sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed v Kosto\u013eanech pod Tribe\u010dom (Jana Ma\u0159\u00edkov\u00e1-Kubkov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Kostel sv. Ji\u0159\u00ed v Kosto\u013eanech pod Tribe\u010dom byl pro odbornou ve\u0159ejnost objeven v roce 1968, kdy vy\u0161lo druh\u00e9 \u010d\u00edslo \u010dasopisu Monumentorum tutela, v\u011bnovan\u00e9 v\u00fdzkumn\u00fdm prac\u00edm proveden\u00fdm v \u0161edes\u00e1t\u00fdch letech 20. stolet\u00ed. P\u0159esto\u017ee svazek shrnoval v\u00fdsledky ve sv\u00e9 dob\u011b mimo\u0159\u00e1dn\u011b dob\u0159e pojat\u00e9ho v\u00fdzkumu historick\u00e9 stavby, odborn\u00e1 obec je p\u0159ijala relativn\u011b vla\u017en\u011b. Jako by se zalekla toho, co z publikovan\u00e9ho vypl\u00fdv\u00e1 - nedaleko od Nitry se snad z\u00e1zrakem zachoval kostel vystav\u011bn\u00fd n\u011bkdy v prvn\u00ed polovin\u011b nebo kolem poloviny 11. stolet\u00ed, ve kter\u00e9m byl objeven cyklus relativn\u011b dob\u0159e dochovan\u00fdch n\u00e1st\u011bnn\u00fdch maleb, jako nemaj\u00ed ve st\u0159edn\u00ed Evrop\u011b obdoby a kter\u00e9 bezpochyby pat\u0159\u00ed do okruhu, kter\u00fd je naz\u00fdv\u00e1n p\u0159edrom\u00e1nsk\u00fdm um\u011bn\u00edm. Jak ukazuj\u00ed v\u00fdsledky nejnov\u011bj\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f, stavba obsahuje je\u0161t\u011b dal\u0161\u00ed p\u0159ekvapen\u00ed.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Ran\u011b novov\u011bk\u00e1 j\u00edmka z Pra\u017esk\u00e9ho hradu (Gabriela Bla\u017ekov\u00e1, Jan Frol\u00edk, Jana \u017degklitzov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Uplynulo v\u00edce ne\u017e 20 let od doby, kdy se Jarom\u00edr \u017degklitz a Zden\u011bk Smet\u00e1nka (1990) pokusili definovat ran\u011b novov\u011bkou archeologii. P\u0159esto\u017ee tito badatel\u00e9 stanovili c\u00edle b\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed a vyslovili z\u00e1kladn\u00ed odborn\u00e9 ot\u00e1zky, v\u011bnovaly se t\u00e9to problematice v n\u00e1sleduj\u00edc\u00edm desetilet\u00ed jen ojedin\u011bl\u00e9 studie. Teprve po r. 2000 za\u010daly v r\u016fzn\u00fdch periodik\u00e1ch p\u0159ib\u00fdvat \u010dl\u00e1nky, a to p\u0159edev\u0161\u00edm od nejmlad\u0161\u00ed generace archeolog\u016f.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Minulost a sou\u010dasnost \u010desko-mongolsk\u00e9 expedice (Lucie \u0160mahelov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

\u010ceskoslovensko-mongolsk\u00e1 expedice v r. 1958 byla prvn\u00edm a na dlouhou dobu jedin\u00fdm zahrani\u010dn\u00edm projektem \u010desk\u00e9 archeologie. O jeho realizaci se zaslou\u017eil zejm\u00e9na Lum\u00edr Jisl, p\u0159edn\u00ed \u010desk\u00fd archeolog a orientalista, pracovn\u00edk Archeologick\u00e9ho \u00fastavu \u010cSAV. V\u00fdznam lokality, kter\u00e1 se stala p\u0159edm\u011btem ter\u00e9nn\u00edho v\u00fdzkumu, tkv\u00ed v mnoha oblastech v\u011bdeck\u00e9ho z\u00e1jmu, nap\u0159. filologie (rozlu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed turkick\u00e9ho runov\u00e9ho p\u00edsma), historie (konsolidace V\u00fdchodoturkick\u00e9ho kagan\u00e1tu, osobnost prince K\u00fcltegina) \u010di archeologie (status nom\u00e1dsk\u00fdch kmen\u016f na okraji \u010d\u00ednsk\u00e9ho imp\u00e9ria).<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Digit\u00e1ln\u00ed archiv \u010desk\u00e9 archeologie (Martin Kuna)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Specializovan\u00e9 archivy maj\u00ed ve struktu\u0159e archeologie jako oboru nezastupiteln\u00e9 m\u00edsto. P\u0159i ter\u00e9nn\u00edm v\u00fdzkumu toti\u017e p\u016fvodn\u00ed archeologick\u00fd kontext zpravidla zanik\u00e1 a ter\u00e9nn\u00ed dokumentace ulo\u017een\u00e1 v archivech pak pro dal\u0161\u00ed archeologick\u00fd v\u00fdzkum hraje roli prim\u00e1rn\u00edho pramene.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Varia<\/h3>\n<\/div>

Rekonstrukce od\u011bvu na z\u00e1klad\u011b archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f - mo\u017enosti interpretace a vizualizace (Krist\u00fdna Urbanov\u00e1, Veronika Kri\u0161tofov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

C\u00edlem \u010dl\u00e1nku je pouk\u00e1zat na mo\u017enosti prezentace archeologick\u00fdch rekonstrukc\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b zku\u0161enosti s v\u00fdrobou noricko-panonsk\u00e9ho d\u00edv\u010d\u00edho kroje z 1. a 2. stolet\u00ed, a shrnout z\u00e1kladn\u00ed principy rekonstrukce od\u011bvu. Takt\u00e9\u017e budou vyjmenov\u00e1ny pou\u017eiteln\u00e9 prameny pro rekonstrukci od\u011bvu a budou nast\u00edn\u011bny mo\u017enosti vizualizace a p\u0159ibl\u00ed\u017een\u00ed v\u00fdsledku v\u00fdzkumu \u0161irok\u00e9 ve\u0159ejnosti.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pozn\u00e1mka k technologii vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed moravsk\u00e9 malovan\u00e9 keramiky (Jarom\u00edr Kov\u00e1rn\u00edk)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

P\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvek se zab\u00fdv\u00e1 technologi\u00ed vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed tenkost\u011bnn\u00fdch n\u00e1dob moravsk\u00e9 malovan\u00e9 keramiky mlad\u0161\u00edho neolitu a\u017e \u010dasn\u00e9ho eneolitu. Podn\u011bt k n\u011bmu dal n\u00e1lez zlomku v\u00fdduti s pravideln\u00fdmi stopami po obt\u00e1\u010den\u00ed (vyt\u00e1\u010den\u00ed?) na jeho vnit\u0159n\u00ed st\u011bn\u011b, kter\u00fd poch\u00e1z\u00ed z p\u0159\u00edkopu rondelu v T\u011b\u0161etic\u00edch-Kyjovic\u00edch, okr. Znojmo.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Genderov\u00e9 identity v eneolitick\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti a ot\u00e1zky interpretace spole\u010densk\u00fdch kategori\u00ed (Jan Turek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Sou\u010dasn\u00fd pohled na problematiku genderu v prav\u011bk\u00fdch spol\u010denostech je do zna\u010dn\u00e9 m\u00edry formov\u00e1n na\u0161\u00ed sou\u010dasnou spole\u010denskou realitou a kulturn\u00edmi normami. Je v\u0161ak t\u0159eba m\u00edt na pam\u011bti, \u017ee mnoh\u00e9 ze sou\u010dasn\u00fdch z\u00e1padn\u00edch koncept\u016f vn\u00edm\u00e1n\u00ed genderu a spole\u010densk\u00fdch kategori\u00ed, mohou b\u00fdt v rozporu s normami b\u011b\u017en\u00fdmi v prav\u011bk\u00e9 spole\u010dnosti. V tomto p\u0159\u00edsp\u011bvku uv\u00e1d\u00edm n\u011bkolik p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f, z poh\u0159ebn\u00edho ritu mlad\u0161\u00edho eneolitu, kter\u00e9 dokumentuj\u00ed mo\u017enosti p\u0159ech\u00fdlen\u00ed genderov\u00e9 role n\u011bkter\u00fdch \u010dlen\u016f spole\u010dnosti.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

P\u016fdorys prav\u011bk\u00e9ho domu ze Sob\u010dic (okr. Ji\u010d\u00edn) a ot\u00e1zka jeho datace (Zuzana Bl\u00e1hov\u00e1-Sklen\u00e1\u0159ov\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Jedn\u00edm z pil\u00ed\u0159\u016f pozn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed \u017eivota lid\u00ed v prav\u011bku je studium prav\u011bk\u00fdch obydl\u00ed, jak jednotliv\u011b, tak v kontextu osad a s\u00eddeln\u00edch are\u00e1l\u016f. V r\u016fzn\u00fdch obdob\u00edch jsou v\u0161ak mo\u017enosti r\u016fzn\u00e9: popularitu staroneolitick\u00e9ho domu zalo\u017eily jeho v\u00fdrazn\u00e9 a charakteristick\u00e9 ter\u00e9nn\u00ed stopy tak\u0159ka standardn\u00ed povahy, rozpozn\u00e1van\u00e9 brzy p\u0159i v\u00fdzkumech s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165 zcela pravideln\u011b, a pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00ed epochy se s neolitem v tomto ohledu nemohou m\u011b\u0159it. Z doby bronzov\u00e9 jsme doned\u00e1vna znali z na\u0161eho \u00fazem\u00ed i z ostatn\u00ed Evropy a\u017e na v\u00fdjimky (nap\u0159. B\u0159ezno u Loun \u010di Lov\u010di\u010dky u Brna) pouze roztrou\u0161en\u00e9 n\u00e1lezy v\u011bt\u0161inou jednotliv\u00fdch p\u016fdorys\u016f, jejich\u017e vypov\u00eddac\u00ed hodnota byla zpravidla sn\u00ed\u017eena ne\u00faplnost\u00ed dochov\u00e1n\u00ed, nejasn\u00fdmi souvislostmi, v p\u0159\u00edpad\u011b star\u0161\u00edch v\u00fdzkum\u016f pak v\u011bt\u0161inou dobov\u00fdmi \u010di ztracenou dokumentac\u00ed. Tento neut\u011b\u0161en\u00fd stav se od posledn\u00edch desetilet\u00ed 20. stolet\u00ed v\u00fdrazn\u011b zlep\u0161uje. Vedle nov\u00fdch v\u00fdzkum\u016f a n\u00e1lez\u016f m\u011bn\u00ed na\u0161i pramennou z\u00e1kladnu i nov\u00e9 pohledy na n\u00e1lezy star\u0161\u00ed, ji\u017e del\u0161\u00ed dobu zn\u00e1m\u00e9 \u010di naopak pozapomenut\u00e9. Takov\u00fdm sv\u011bdkem, kter\u00fd po letech zm\u011bnil v\u00fdpov\u011b\u010f a \u017e\u00e1d\u00e1 o obnovu procesu, je poz\u016fstatek p\u016fdorysu prav\u011bk\u00e9ho domu, objeven\u00fd p\u0159ed v\u00edce ne\u017e p\u016fl stolet\u00edm ve v\u00fdchodn\u00edch \u010cech\u00e1ch nedaleko Sob\u010dic u Ostrom\u011b\u0159e na Ho\u0159icku.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed rekonstrukce up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed ostruhy z 9. stol. (Josef Unger)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

N\u00e1lez hrobu z 9. stol. s ostruhami byl impulzem pro experiment\u00e1ln\u00ed ov\u011b\u0159en\u00ed up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed ostruhy k obuvi.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Lidsk\u00fd skelet z hrobu \u010d. 163 na poh\u0159ebi\u0161ti v Div\u00e1k\u00e1ch (okr. B\u0159eclav) (Tom\u00e1\u0161 Mo\u0159kovsk\u00fd)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Anal\u00fdzou zji\u0161t\u011bno, \u017ee se jednalo o kostern\u00ed poz\u016fstatky mu\u017ee, kter\u00fd se do\u017eil 30 a\u017e 40 let. Mu\u017e utrp\u011bl v pr\u016fb\u011bhu \u017eivota zlomeninu prav\u00e9 kosti pa\u017en\u00ed a patrn\u011b poran\u011bn\u00ed v oblasti prav\u00e9ho ramenn\u00edho kloubu.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Slovansk\u00e1 bota (V\u00e1clav G\u0159e\u0161\u00e1k)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Pro rekonstrukci up\u00edn\u00e1n\u00ed ostruhy byla zhotovena kotn\u00ed\u010dkov\u00e1 bota podle archeologick\u00fdch n\u00e1lez\u016f v Gda\u0148sku a Star\u00e9 Ladoze.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Ostruha z 9. stolet\u00ed z Div\u00e1k pohledem kov\u00e1\u0159e (Patrick B\u00e1rta)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Replika ostruhy byla zhotovena kov\u00e1\u0159sk\u00fdmi technologiemi pou\u017e\u00edvan\u00fdmi v 9. stol.<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Odpadn\u00ed j\u00e1my nebo bl\u00e1tiv\u00e9 lou\u017ee? (Radom\u00edr Tich\u00fd, Hana Dohn\u00e1lkov\u00e1, Lenka Lis\u00e1)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

Ka\u017ed\u00e1 (ne)spr\u00e1vn\u00e1 u\u010debnice d\u011bjepisu uv\u00e1d\u00ed, \u017ee archeologov\u00e9 nach\u00e1z\u00ed poz\u016fstatky d\u00e1vn\u00e9 hmotn\u00e9 kultury v \"odpadn\u00edch jam\u00e1ch\". Mysl\u00ed si to i archeologov\u00e9? Fungovaly archeologick\u00e9 objekty skute\u010dn\u011b jako dne\u0161n\u00ed popelnice (prim\u00e1rn\u00ed ukl\u00e1d\u00e1n\u00ed odpadu) nebo jde o druhotn\u00e9 n\u00e1hodn\u00e9 zapln\u011bn\u00ed p\u016fvodn\u011b funk\u010dn\u00edch jam lidskou plan\u00fdrkou nebo p\u0159\u00edrodn\u00edmi splachy z okoln\u00edho (dnes ji\u017e neexistuj\u00edc\u00edho) prav\u011bk\u00e9ho povrchu s\u00eddli\u0161\u0165?<\/p>\nPDF<\/a><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

T\u00e9ma: Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav v Praze Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav v Praze (Lubo\u0161 Jir\u00e1\u0148, Martin Kuna)Pra\u017esk\u00fd Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav pat\u0159il v roce 1953 k zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm instituc\u00edm tehdy vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010cSAV. Jeho historie je v\u0161ak mnohem star\u0161\u00ed. P\u0159\u00edm\u00fdm p\u0159edch\u016fdcem sou\u010dasn\u00e9ho \u00fastavu byl St\u00e1tn\u00ed archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav zalo\u017een\u00fd v roce 1919 – pr\u00e1v\u011b z jeho d\u011bdictv\u00ed poch\u00e1zej\u00ed i n\u011bkter\u00e9 specifick\u00e9 \u00fakoly dne\u0161n\u00ed v\u011bdeck\u00e9 […]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":3,"featured_media":28941,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"image","meta":{"_exactmetrics_skip_tracking":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_active":false,"_exactmetrics_sitenote_note":"","_exactmetrics_sitenote_category":0,"_jetpack_memberships_contains_paid_content":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[229],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-28748","post","type-post","status-publish","format-image","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-ziva-archeologie","post_format-post-format-image"],"yoast_head":"\nRo\u010dn\u00edk 11 (2010) - Katedra archeologie<\/title>\n<meta name=\"robots\" content=\"index, follow, max-snippet:-1, max-image-preview:large, max-video-preview:-1\" \/>\n<link rel=\"canonical\" href=\"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?p=28748\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:locale\" content=\"cs_CZ\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:type\" content=\"article\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:title\" content=\"Ro\u010dn\u00edk 11 (2010) - Katedra archeologie\" \/>\n<meta property=\"og:description\" content=\"T\u00e9ma: Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav v Praze Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav v Praze (Lubo\u0161 Jir\u00e1\u0148, Martin Kuna)Pra\u017esk\u00fd Archeologick\u00fd \u00fastav pat\u0159il v roce 1953 k zakl\u00e1daj\u00edc\u00edm instituc\u00edm tehdy vznikaj\u00edc\u00ed \u010cSAV. 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