{"id":25264,"date":"2018-04-19T13:06:03","date_gmt":"2018-04-19T11:06:03","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?page_id=25264"},"modified":"2024-03-05T11:46:55","modified_gmt":"2024-03-05T09:46:55","slug":"lide-2-2","status":"publish","type":"page","link":"https:\/\/uni.uhk.cz\/archeologie\/?page_id=25264&lang=en","title":{"rendered":"English courses"},"content":{"rendered":"
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Courses taught continuously<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Winter semester<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Introduction to Archaeometallurgy (Ji\u0159\u00ed Kmo\u0161ek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

This course introduces the origins and evolution of metallurgy up to the medieval times. It covers the archaeologically most important metals (gold, silver, copper, bronze, tin, lead, iron, steel) and addresses extractive metallurgy, production and manufacturing techniques, from the mine to the finished artefact. Part of this course will be focused on explanation of analytical techniques and methods used in study of archaeological metals, including basic and trace elements composition analysis, isotopes analysis, metallographic methods, etc. Case studies are presented from research projects of the lecturer, integrating metallurgy within wider social and economic contexts and archaeological questions.<\/p>\n

The aims of this course are to give students a fundamental understanding of the development and spread of mining and metallurgy within their geological and archaeological contexts from the beginning up to the medieval times. Through selected case studies, students will be acquainted with the methodology of archaeometallurgical research and currently used analytical methods, their principles and possibilities of their application in studying archaeological metals.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

Pottery technology for the archaeologist (Richard Th\u00e9r)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

The course maps basic variability of technological sequences of pottery manufacture in preindustrial societies. The overview is based on ethnographic, etnoarchaeological, and archaeological evidence. All the basic steps in pottery manufacture are exposed: techniques of prospection of ceramic raw materials, preparation of pottery pastes, forming, surface treatments and decoration, drying and firing, and post-firing treatments. The course is intended for students of archaeology, thus special attention is paid to the possible archaeological evidence for pottery technology and to the methodology for identification of pottery technology based on archaeological ceramics. The introduction to the methodology covers all types of analytical techniques: macroscopic analysis, optical and other types of microscopy, instrumental techniques and experimental approach to study of pottery technology.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Innovations in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic (Anna-Marie Marko)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

Innovations in Palaeolithic and Mesolithic presents principal innovations in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic that transformed lives of humans and hominids. Each of 13 classes aims to introduce one of these innovations. Theoretical overview is based on archaeological evidence particularly from Africa, Levant, and Europe, and it is supplemented by ethnographic analogies in case where archaeological evidence is missing. During the seminar, students present the assigned journal article and discuss it subsequently. Students obtain basic knowledge on major innovations in the hunter-gatherer societies in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic. They learn about hunter-gatherer ways of processing of stone, bone, and wood, about the ways of living, tool manufacture, hunting, eating, clothing, and burying the deceased. Students are able to distinguish major type tools used in the Palaeolithic and Mesolithic and they are able to look up appropriate scientific literature. Students are capable of critically reading scientific article, presenting its principal themes and discussing it in English.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Summer semester<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Post-classical archaeology 5th-8th centuries (Joan Pinar Gil)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

The course aims at providing the students with an overview of the material traces of the deep cultural and socio-economic transformations occurred in Western European landscapes between the disarticulation of the Roman empire and the rising of the Carolingian one. In order to do so, selected examples of archaeological remains from public and private, religious and secular spaces and buildings in France, Italy, Spain and the neighboring regions will be presented and discussed. Special attention will be devoted to overarching topics, supra-regional phenomena and to the connections between the Mediterranean basin and Central Europe.
\nBy the end of the course, students are expected to be familiar with the main archaeological sites and features of the 5th-8th centuries, to have a good knowledge of the current research problems and to be aware of a number of transdisciplinary approaches to complex issues.
\nThe lectures will consist in an introduction to the topic by the lecturer (70-75 minutes), followed by 15-20 minutes of participative discussion, questions and remarks by the students.
\nStudents are expected to attend regularly the lectures. To complete the course, they must prepare a short individual presentation (15 minutes).<\/p>\n

Main themes: 1) What, when and where: Late Antiquity, Migration Period, Early Middle Ages, post-Classical period. The Roman heritage: communication routes and infrastructures, 2) Cities, 3) Landscape and countryside, 4) Military and elevated sites, 5) Religious architecture, 6) Cemeteries, 7) Demographic issues, 8) Economy, trade and consumption, 9) Clothing, fashion and visual appearance, 10) \"Barbarians\" and \"post-Barbarians\" in the West.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Experimental archaeology (Richard Th\u00e9r)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

The course is aimed at understanding the basic principles of experimental methods and defining their specifics when applied within archeology. The principles of designing experimental projects will be explained in detail. Students will then prepare their own proposals of experimental projects and present them during the seminars.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Interaction between human and environment in the past (Jan Hor\u00e1k)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

The lecture presents the complex and changing relationships between man and the natural environment in the past, and at the same time describes the connections of these topics to today's world and society. These relationships are presented both in a generalized form and on individual examples. The course also includes the reading of selected studies and their discussion. After completing the course, students will be able to understand human relationships with the natural environment in their complexity, as well as apply this knowledge to their own archaeological research.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Occasional courses<\/h2>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>
<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Taught in previous semesters<\/h3>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Winter semester 2023<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Archaeology of crafts, craftsmanship and craftsmen in Central European Iron Age (Joanna Ewa Markiewicz)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

The course aims to familiarise the students with the material, technological and social settings of practising crafts in the Iron Age temperate Europe. The communities inhabiting this part of the continent displayed various models of social and craft organisation yet were tightly linked to one another over time and space. The discussed area perfectly illustrates how technologies were used, developed and transferred in such settings. The theoretical introduction will include ethnographic and archaeological evidence from Europe and beyond, while the particular technologies and production patterns will be discussed on Central European examples. Students also prepare a short presentation on one of the discussed topics. Students obtain fundamental knowledge of the material and non-material conditions of producing items of everyday use, such as pottery, objects of wood, metal, fibre, bone, antler, leather, glass, and amber. Students can discuss how the particular categories of items were produced and distributed in various parts of Central Europe and look up appropriate scientific literature. Students can read scientific articles critically, find the appropriate information and present the results of their studies in English<\/p>\n

Content of the course:
\n1. Introduction: what is a craft? Types of crafts. Identifying craftsmanship in the archaeological record.
\n2. Craft specialisation: specialised and non-specialised crafts. Household and non-household crafts. Division of work by age and gender.
\n3. Skill transfer, transfer of technology, transfer of ideas, movement of people and items.
\n4. Cross-craft interactions.
\n5. The wheel and the kiln.
\n6. To turn or not to turn? The lathe.
\n7. The spindle and the loom.
\n8. The furnace and the hammer.
\n9. The crucible and the mould.
\n10. The plough and the quern.
\n11. The bone and the hide.
\n12. Supply, demand and transportation.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Summer semester 2023<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Medieval Archaeology in Italy (Elisa Possenti)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

The course deals with the methodological approaches and the main themes of the Medieval Archaeology in Italy<\/p>\n

Course programme: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. History of the discipline (until 1960)
\n2. History of the discipline (after 1960)
\n3. Christian Archaeology and Archaeology of the churches
\n4. Towns
\n5. Countryside
\n6. Castles and fortified sites
\n7. Urban and rural Monasteries
\n8. Necropolis and funerary rites
\n9. Medieval archaeology and Archaeology of Architecture
\n10. Archaeology of productions and craft centres
\n11. The material culture: pottery and wood
\n12. The material culture: metallic and glass finds
\n13. The material culture: archaeobotanical and archaeozoological finds<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

Early medieval Towns in Northern Italy (Elisa Possenti)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

The course deals with the early medieval towns in Northern Italy.<\/p>\n

Course programme: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

1. History of the studies
\n2. The crisis of the late Antique towns: generalities and topography
\n3. The crisis or the late Antique towns: structures and infranstructures
\n4. The presence and the role of the christian churches and other buildings until the VI Century
\n5. Necropolis and graveyards
\n6. Palatial buildings until the VI Century
\n7. Residential buildings until the VI Century
\n8. Early medieval masonry
\n9. Towers
\n10. Palatial buildings in the VIIth-XIth Centuries
\n11. Residential buildings in the VIIth-XIth Centuries
\n12. The presence and the role of the christian churches and other buildings in the VIIth-XIth Centuries (part 1)
\n13. The presence and the role of the christian churches and other buildings in the VIIth-XIth Centuries (part 2)<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Winter semester 2022<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

Italy in the Lombard age: funerary archeology, material culture and production centers (Martina Dalceggio)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
\"\"<\/div>

The course aims to investigate the Italian peninsula in the early Middle Ages through the funerary contexts and the material culture. After a brief historical overview of the sixth-eighth century, the archaeological evidence of the Lombard occupation in Italy, the structure of the graveyards, and the grave goods will be analyzed. At the same time, will be studied the archaeological evidence from the Roman-Byzantine areas. Students will learn to recognize some of the most widespread jewels and weapons common in the peninsular contexts during the Lombard age and the related decorative styles. The final part of the course focuses on the early medieval production centers, especially the Crypta Balbi<\/em> in Rome.<\/p>\n

Course programme: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

    \n
  1. Organisational classes (introduction to the subject, presentation of literature and credit conditions)<\/li>\n
  2. Introductory issues: what is ceramic, what are its types (porcelain, faience, stoneware, majolica, terracotta, glazed ceramics etc.) - geological and archaeological perspective; explanation of the terms: archaeometry, archaeological science, archaeoceramology, experimental archaeology<\/li>\n
  3. Outline the history of research on ceramics. Contemporary approaches (research goal, issues, types of analyses, methods of interpretation)<\/li>\n
  4. Reconstruction of the life cycle: production (properties of ceramic raw materials, their acquisition, recipes and the creation of pottery mass, admixtures, methods of forming, tools, firing objects, firing)<\/li>\n
  5. Reconstruction of the life cycle: production (macro and microscopic observations, imaging, photogrammetry, 3D scanning, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, CT; chemical composition: OES, ICE-OES, XRF), part 1<\/li>\n
  6. Reconstruction of the life cycle: production (macro and microscopic observations, imaging, photogrammetry, 3D scanning, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, CT; chemical composition: OES, ICE-OES, XRF), part 2<\/li>\n
  7. Basics of ceramic petrography, part 1<\/li>\n
  8. Reconstruction of the life cycle: distribution (studies on provenance)<\/li>\n
  9. Reconstruction of the life cycle: use (form and function over the centuries - typology, morphological analyses)<\/li>\n
  10. Reconstruction of the life cycle: use (physical properties, macro and micro observations, analysis of organic residues, chromatographic methods, GC-MS)<\/li>\n
  11. Ways of interpreting the reconstructed stages of the life cycle: production, distribution, use (cha\u00eene op\u00e9ratoire, provenance studies, ceramic ecology)<\/li>\n
  12. Experimental archaeology (assumptions, analytical procedure, role and use of ethnographic analogies) handmade vessel making<\/li>\n
  13. Experimental archaeology (handmade vessel making)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div>

    The elite burials in the Italian peninsula in the Early Middle Age: strategies of distinction and the Christianizing processes (Martina Dalceggio)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
    \"\"<\/div>

    The course aims to study the characteristics and the strategies of funerary self-representation of the male and female elite in the Italian peninsula in the early Middle Ages. The peculiar characteristics of the early medieval royal models will be presented during the course and the students will analyze them through the elaboration of a PowerPoint that they will present during the exam. The figures of some Lombard kings and queen, the capital city of Pavia, and the Christianization processes of the kingdom's elites will be analyzed, with special attention to the female sphere and the childhood. The final part of the course will be dedicated to the phenomenon of monastic foundations in early middle age in Italy, with the specific case of Cairate (VA).<\/p>\n

    Course programme: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

      \n
    1. The funerary \"prestige\" and \"privilege\" between the Late Antiquity and the Early Middle Ages<\/li>\n
    2. The burials of the popes in Rome and the Constantinian model<\/li>\n
    3. The fashion of the Byzantine court<\/li>\n
    4. Decorative techniques: cloisonn\u00e9 with narrow cells<\/li>\n
    5. The Merovingian royal model<\/li>\n
    6. The Lombard royal model<\/li>\n
    7. Pavia capital of the Lombard kingdom<\/li>\n
    8. Longobard male elites<\/li>\n
    9. The female elites in the Italian peninsula<\/li>\n
    10. The sphere of elite female childhood<\/li>\n
    11. The transalpine elites, models of funeral self-representation<\/li>\n
    12. The monastic foundations<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

      Summer semester 2022<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

      Cognitive possiblities of archaeometric and experimental research in studies on prehistoric and ancient pottery (Dagmara \u0141aciak)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>
      \"\"<\/div>

      The course aims are to familiarise students with the possibilities and limitations of archaeometric and experimental analyses in learning about various issues related to prehistoric and ancient ceramics and pottery manufacturing. Particular emphasis will be placed on getting acquainted with the theory and using it in practice.<\/p>\n

      Course programme: <\/em><\/strong><\/p>\n

        \n
      1. Organisational classes (introduction to the subject, presentation of literature and credit conditions)<\/li>\n
      2. Introductory issues: what is ceramic, what are its types (porcelain, faience, stoneware, majolica, terracotta, glazed ceramics etc.) - geological and archaeological perspective; explanation of the terms: archaeometry, archaeological science, archaeoceramology, experimental archaeology<\/li>\n
      3. Outline the history of research on ceramics. Contemporary approaches (research goal, issues, types of analyses, methods of interpretation)<\/li>\n
      4. Reconstruction of the life cycle: production (properties of ceramic raw materials, their acquisition, recipes and the creation of pottery mass, admixtures, methods of forming, tools, firing objects, firing)<\/li>\n
      5. Reconstruction of the life cycle: production (macro and microscopic observations, imaging, photogrammetry, 3D scanning, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, CT; chemical composition: OES, ICE-OES, XRF), part 1<\/li>\n
      6. Reconstruction of the life cycle: production (macro and microscopic observations, imaging, photogrammetry, 3D scanning, optical microscopy, SEM, TEM, XRD, Raman spectroscopy, CT; chemical composition: OES, ICE-OES, XRF), part 2<\/li>\n
      7. Basics of ceramic petrography, part 1<\/li>\n
      8. Reconstruction of the life cycle: distribution (studies on provenance)<\/li>\n
      9. Reconstruction of the life cycle: use (form and function over the centuries - typology, morphological analyses)<\/li>\n
      10. Reconstruction of the life cycle: use (physical properties, macro and micro observations, analysis of organic residues, chromatographic methods, GC-MS)<\/li>\n
      11. Ways of interpreting the reconstructed stages of the life cycle: production, distribution, use (cha\u00eene op\u00e9ratoire, provenance studies, ceramic ecology)<\/li>\n
      12. Experimental archaeology (assumptions, analytical procedure, role and use of ethnographic analogies) handmade vessel making<\/li>\n
      13. Experimental archaeology (handmade vessel making)<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Summer semester 2021<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Modern quantitative methods and shape analysis in archaeology (Mgr. Josef Wilczek, Ph.D.)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        The aim of the course is to apprehend to quantitatively express and process the information about the shape of archaeological artefacts. Students will be familiarised with the traditional and modern geometric morphometrics methods (2D\/3D landmark analysis, analyses of open or closed contours, etc.). An essential part of the course will be devoted to the recent shape acquisition techniques (3D scanning, photogrammetry, etc.), followed the statistical treatment of the morphometric data. At the end of the course, students should be able to choose an appropriate method to solve variety of archaeological questions concerning various artefact productions (stone, ceramic, metal), dated to diverse chronological periods.<\/p>\n

        Main themes:<\/p>\n

        1. Introduction to morphometrics. Brief introduction to methods of traditional and modern geometric morphometrics methods.
        \n2. Acquisition techniques. Recent and most useful methods for 2D and 3D object shape acquisition with real-world examples.
        \n3. Automatic drawings of archaeological artefacts. Methods and tools for (semi-)automatic drawing of archaeological artefacts.
        \n4. Applications of statistics and morphometrics. Brief overview of statistics. Statistics used for shape information treatment.
        \n5. 2D landmark analyses I - theory. Analyses of landmarks and semi-landmarks. Case study of ceramics, Roman coins, Palaeolithic arrows, and Second Iron age Brooches.
        \n6. 2D landmark analyses II - practice. Exercises.
        \n7. 3D landmark analyses I - theory. New 3D ICP-based methods of shape analysis. Case study of Bronze Age Ingots.
        \n8. 3D landmark analyses II practice. Exercises.
        \n9. Outline analyses and other morphometric methods - theory. Analyses of open and closed outlines. Case study of Bronze Age Palstaves and Flanged Axes, case study of the Second Iron Age ceramics.
        \n10. Outline analyses and other morphometric methods - practice. Exercises.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Summer semester 2020<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Building in stone and the economics of lithic materials in the Early Middle Ages (7th-9th centuries) (M.A. Michelle Beghelli)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        Compared to the \"disproportionately high demand\" for building-stone in the 1st-3rd centuries (B. Russell), the Early Medieval market for lithic materials (construction blocks, architectural elements, architectural sculpted decoration) surely appears as much reduced. Some (relatively recent) scholarly attempts to attribute these facts to a decline in civilization have been decidedly rejected by a number of academics. However, despite the existence of many valuable handbooks on Early Medieval architecture, and despite the fact that in most pre-industrial societies building was the single most important non-agrarian economic activity (W. Jongman), general studies dealing with the economics of sculpting- and construction-stone in the Early Medieval West were almost totally lacking until recently (Beghelli 2018). Yet an approach that considers the economic and social context of building activities (over the longue dur\u00e9e, in a vast geographic area, and with a multidisciplinary perspective) is crucial to the understanding of architecture. The main aim of the course will be following the gradual transformations occurred in this field (and analyze aspects of continuity or change) from the Roman age to the Early Middle Ages. Far from being expression of cultural decay, Early Medieval architecture, and the sculptural decoration of buildings, even show intelligent innovations in the procurement and uses of stone and the organization of sculpting and construction workshops - strategies which, in some cases, would last for many centuries to come. The students, who are expected to attend regularly the lectures, will be encouraged at discussing and asking questions during the last part of every meeting, after a 45 minutes presentation by the lecturer. The final exam will consist in an individual presentation prepared by students (max. 15 minutes) on a topic previously agreed with the lecturer.<\/p>\n

        Main themes:<\/p>\n

        1. Architecture, types of buildings and the market for stone products in the West and
        \nthe East (1st-7th c.).
        \n2. Introduction. Architecture, types of buildings and the market for stone products in the West (7th-
        \n9th c.).
        \n3.-5. The Early Medieval West: new constructions, maintenance and restorations of buildings and
        \ninfrastructures. Overview of the main monuments in stone.
        \n6. Provenance and transport of stone for architecture. 7. Procurement of stone: quarrying, reuse of materials from ancient buildings and related specific
        \ntechniques.
        \n8.-10. Skilled and unskilled workforce, travelling and sedentary construction craftspeople, wages
        \nand social status. Travelling in the Early Middle Ages: distances covered by the artisans, means of
        \ntransport, hospitality (eating and sleeping on the way to the building site). Mobility of craftsmen:
        \ndiffusion of building- and sculpting-techniques, transfer of artisanal knowledge, forms and fashions
        \nin architecture and architectural sculpture. A debated case in archaeology: transfer of techniques
        \nwithin Islamic and Christian Iberian Peninsula.
        \n11-12. How to recognize archaeologically the production of a sculpting workshop in different
        \nlocations (case study: a French-Italian atelier, late 8th c.).
        \n13. Conclusive overview<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

        Crafts and artisans in the 7th-9th centuries (M.A. Michelle Beghelli)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        All over Europe, and especially in the past three decades, archaeology of production and archaeometry have achieved remarkable results in analyzing the manufacturing techniques of diverse types of items dating back to the Early Middle Ages. These valuable studies, however, often concern just one class of object (in metal, glass, stone, leather, etc.), whose production is frequently examined under a regional perspective. The aim of the course is approaching Early Medieval crafts in Europe with a comparative perspective, assessing similarities and differences in the workshops organization, level of mobility of the craftsmen, channels and extent of distribution of the products, ways of procurements of raw materials, manufacturing processes, production-consumption models, etc.. Also central to the course will be the analysis of the social position of artisans operating in different fields. The students, who are expected to attend regularly the lectures, will be encouraged at discussing and asking questions during the last part of every meeting, after a 45 minutes presentation by the lecturer. The final exam will consist in an individual presentation prepared by the students (max. 15 minutes) on a topic previously agreed with the lecturer.<\/p>\n

        1. Introduction. Early Medieval goods and their production centres: archaeology of production,
        \narchaeometry. Early Medieval VS Roman economy.
        \n2.-5. Masters who travelled. Temporary mobility and permanent change of residence: construction
        \ncraftspeople, shipbuilders, goldsmiths and other skilled artisans.
        \n6.-7. Goods that travelled: sedentary artisans and 'serial production'. The example of bronze
        \nvessels, Merovingian sarcophagi, millstones, soapstone and some jewellery items.
        \n8. Seasonal manufacture, non-specialized craftsmen, everyday items and regional productions.
        \n9.-10. Archaeological study of workshops and Early Medieval workshop organization. Internal
        \nhierarchy, procurement of raw materials, local resources, imports and reuse.
        \n11. The craftsmen and their 'brands': selling strategies and signatures on the objects (sculptures,
        \nmetal items, weapons).
        \n12.-13. The social status of artisans: wealthy to middle-class freemen, seasonal craftsmen-
        \nfarmers, servants and slaves. Women and crafts: some examples (female master-builders, nuns-
        \nilluminators and scribes, aristocratic ladies as patrons and building-site managers).<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

        Iron Age in Europe (Mgr. Josef Wilczek, Ph.D.)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        The aim of this course is to present and discuss new discoveries and current research topics in the Iron Age archaeology in the European context. Students will be introduced into the issues linked with the emergence of European archaeological\/cultural entities, throughout their social and economic development and long-distance relations, until their final destabilisation and\/or transformations. The main part of the course will deal with issues linked with the complexity and biases of existing methodological approaches of funerary and settlement areas and point out to some new methodologies and perspectives of their application for the modern archaeological inquiries. This theoretical background will be complemented by the presentation of several recent case-studies intended to investigate the problematics.<\/p>\n

        Main Themes:<\/p>\n

        1. Introduction. Characterization of Iron Age in the European context.
        \n2. Ethnicity, dogma and politics. The role of archaeology, history and politics on the comprehension of the European Iron Age.
        \n3. Inventions in Iron Age. Inventions in the material production.
        \n4. Art, crafts and beauty in Iron Age.
        \n5. Life in Iron Age. Villages, hillforts, oppida and production centres new investigations.
        \n6. Death in Iron Age I. Testimonies and transformations of funerary areas.
        \n7. Death in Iron Age II. Testimonies and transformations of funerary areas.
        \n8. Cult in Iron Age. Testimonies of cult and religious practices in Iron Age.
        \n9. Time of war. Testimonies of war and conflicts in Iron Age.
        \n10. Inside and outside. Contacts, trade, and the civilization of the Mediterranean.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Winter semester 2019<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Archaeology of mountainous areas. A case of different archaeology (prof. Pawel Valde-Nowak)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        A survey of main views on the significance of European Mid-Mountains for prehistoric groups will be presented. Former proposals of exclusion of these terrains from the ecumena will also be a matter. It will confront special character of archaeological sources, settlement-geographical observation, etnographic and paleobotanical evidences. The lectures will also stress a bid of recognition of these terrains as a domain of seasonal moving of groups. Particular attention will be paid to the mysterious presence of Neolithic traces in the European Mid-Mountains.<\/p>\n

        Students will receive skills for the conducting archaeological research in mountain areas. They should get acquainted with examples from different mountains, which will show the specificity of the mountain sources and various interpretation proposals. They will be able to learn the possibilities of auxiliary sciences, especially palaeobotany, in interpreting the phenomenon of settlement in the highland.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

        Palaeolithic cave- and open air sites in Poland on the European background (prof. Pawel Valde-Nowak)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        The area of today's Poland in the Vistula and Odra basin is relatively rich in Paleolithic traces. This is due to several factors. First of all, there are deposits of good quality silica rocks, secondly, a large part of this area is occupied by loess areas where paleolithic traces have been preserved in the stratigraphic sequence; thirdly, in a certain area (Jura Krak\u00f3w-Cz\u0119stochowa) there are many caves as places especially important for the Paleolithic hunter and exceptional for contemporary researchers due to the faunistic context of the cultural threads. The beginnings of Paleolithic archeology in the Polish lands date back to the nineteenth century, and thus the beginning of archeology as a science. During the lectures will be shown the crucial discoveries of the Neandertals and early Homo sapiens in today's Poland in reference to the general knowledge of the European Paleolithic - taxonomy, chronology, cultural relations and lithic technology.<\/p>\n

        Students will receive the basis for orientation on the most important achievements in the field of Paleolithic in the Odra and Vistula river basins with reference to the main European technocomplexes representing the culture of Neandertal and early Homo sapiens. They will gain theoretical knowledge on the taxonomy and typology of stone tools of the older Stone Age, as well as the procedures for carrying out excavation works on sites representing the Pleistocene.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Summer semester 2019<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Archaeology of the Migration Period and the Early Middle Ages in the West (Dr. Joan Pinar Gil)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        The course aims at presenting the main results of archaeological research dealing with the 5th-8th centuries in Western Europe. To do so, it will focus upon selected overarching topics which illustrate the main cultural transformations experienced by Western European peoples in that period. Long-lived theoretical approaches will be discussed alongside the results of the newer ones; problems related to transdisciplinary studies on past societies will be examined as well.
        \nThe lessons are expected to consist in a 30-35 minute introduction to the topic by the teacher, followed by 10-15 minutes of participative discussion, questions and remarks by the students. Fundamental themes are: 1) Trade, production, consumption, 2) Demographic issues, 3) Everyday life, 4) Clothing, fashion and visual appearance, 5) \"Barbarians\" and \"post-Barbarians\" in the West, 6) Places of power, and 7) Inner and outer boundaries.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

        Post-classical landscapes in Western Europe (5th-9th centuries) (Dr. Joan Pinar Gil)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        The course aims at providing the students with an overview of the material traces of the deep cultural and socio-economic transformations occurred in Western European landscapes between the disarticulation of the Roman empire and the rising of the Carolingian one. In order to do so, selected examples of archaeological remains from public and private, religious and secular spaces and buildings in France, Italy and Spain will be presented and discussed.
        \nThe lessons will consist in a 30-35 minute introduction to the topic by the teacher, followed by 10-15 minutes of participative discussion, questions and remarks by the students.<\/p>\n

        Main themes: 1) Geography, communication routes and infrastructures, 2) Cities, 3) Landscape and countryside, 4) Military sites, 5) Residential architecture, 6) Religious architecture, 7) Cemeteries.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Winter semester 2018<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        North American Archaeology: Theory and Data (Dr. Thomas Rocek)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        The course has two connected goals. The first is to familiarize students with the history and theory of North American anthropological archaeology and the application of this theoretical approach to the study of human prehistory (and history). Theoretical foundations underlying research are fundamentally important, but often appear so obvious that students are unaware how their theoretical approach influences them, their selection of research topics, neglect of others, and how they are accustomed to seek certain kinds of explanations and ignore alternative ones. The history and theoretical approaches of archaeology in Europe and in North America are distinct, and a comparison between them gives students a critical perspective on both approaches and the opportunity to select the best of each.
        \nThe second goal is to familiarize students with some of the most fundamental developments in North American prehistory and with the application of an anthropological archaeological approach to research on these topics. Fundamental themes are: 1) the dating and mode of colonization by the first human populations in America, 2) the lifeways of the first populations, 3) the evolution of agriculture in North America, and 4) the evolution of sociopolitical organization and the origins of social hierarchy. These developments in America have worldwide parallels, and students will learn a comparative anthropological approach to these prehistoric developments.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

        The Idea of Race (prof. Karen Rosenberg)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        This course will examine the idea of race in historical and anthropological perspective. We will consider the interpretation of racial differences in l8th and l9th century Europe and America as well as 20th century anthropological critiques of the concept of race that argue that races are cultural constructs with little connection to biological variation. How did the idea of \"natural\" races arise, and how and why, despite key scientific flaws, does it persist? We will examine how racial categories have changed from one geographical region to another and through time and how these categories are used in biomedical research today. We will consider some aspects of biological variation (such as skeletal anatomy, skin color, abnormal hemoglobins, body proportions) that do vary geographically and begin to understand how the distributions of these biological characteristics do or do not correlate with one another. We will explore how modern understandings of biological variation become intertwined with race and how social and economic conditions associated with racial categories can affect health and well-being. Students will finish the course with an understanding of how human biological variation and diversity have been characterized in the past, how an anthropological critique of race creates a new way of understanding both cultural categories of people and human biological variation and how social and cultural categories of race have significance for human health and well-being.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Summer semester 2018<\/h4>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>

        Iron Age in Austria (Dr. Peter Trebsche)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        Students should gain basic knowledge of the most important Iron Age key sites in Austria, they should learn about important themes of cultural history and they should get familiar with recent trends in theory and methodology as exemplified by Iron Age research in Austria.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div>

        Reconstruction of prehistoric architecture and open air museums in Austria (Dr. Peter Trebsche)<\/i><\/span><\/h4><\/a><\/div>

        Theoretical part: methodology and research questions regarding the reconstruction of prehistoric buildings, terminology of prehistoric architecture and timber constructions, documentation techniques, the history of research of house reconstructions; Case studies: archaeological open air museums in Austria, reconstruction of Early Neolithic long houses, Bronze Age post buildings, reconstruction of Iron Age sunken dwellings and buildings with foundation ditches.<\/p>\n<\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/div><\/section>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

        Courses taught continuously Winter semester Introduction to Archaeometallurgy (Ji\u0159\u00ed Kmo\u0161ek)This course introduces the origins and evolution of metallurgy up to the medieval times. It covers the archaeologically most important metals (gold, silver, copper, bronze, tin, lead, iron, steel) and addresses extractive metallurgy, production and manufacturing techniques, from the mine to the finished artefact. 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